Introduction

While writings of Paul were the first literature of the NT, the NT actually begins with four books known as the gospels. Matthew, Mark, and Luke, the first three of these gospels, are known as the synoptic gospels and provide accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus. Incorporating material from both oral and written sources, the synoptic gospels show evidence of a literary relationship that suggests that Mark was the first gospel to be written. In this chapter, we will explore the kinds of stories about Jesus that were handed down orally and theories about the written sources used by the authors of the first three gospels.

Our examination in this chapter of the particular literary styles and special interests of Matthew, Mark, and Luke will provide background understanding for later study of the differences, including contradictions and discrepancies, among the synoptic gospels. This is especially important when trying to gain insight about Jesus, his life, and his teachings. It will also provide a basis for comparisons of the synoptic gospels with the gospel of John, the last gospel to be written.

Oral Transmission or Oral Tradition

Just as the earliest stories in the OT were first transmitted orally and later written down and eventually incorporated into the Bible, there is evidence of oral transmission in the letters of Paul, as well.