To compare structural alterations in the brains of Meige syndrome (MS) patients with those of healthy controls (HCs) by using surface-based morphometry (SBM) and compare structural differences between the brains of MS patients with sleep disorders and those of MS patients without sleep disorders.

We investigated cortical surface parameters in 42 MS patients and 30 HCs. T1-weighted images were acquired and processed using CAT12 to perform vertexwise between-group comparisons of cortical thickness, gyrification, cortical complexity and sulcus depth with validated quality control protocols. We also performed SBM to analyze data from 19 patients with sleep disorders and 23 patients without sleep disorders.

Compared with HCs, MS patients had differences in large clusters of cortical regions, especially in postcentral, precentral, superior frontal and paracentral thickness. Differences were also observed in the parietal and occipital areas. Among MS patients with and without sleep disorders, altered cortical complexity and sulcal depth were observed.

This study strongly suggested that MS patients have cortical structural abnormalities compared with HCs, thus elucidating the underlying pathophysiology of motor and nonmotor symptoms in MS patients.