Reflection on the history of skepticism shows that philosophers have often
conjoined as a single doctrine various theses that are best kept apart. Some of
these theses are incredible—literally almost impossible to
accept—whereas others seem quite plausible and even verge on the
platitudinous. Mixing them together, one arrives at a
view—skepticism—that is as a whole indefensible. My aim is
to pull these different elements apart and focus on one particular strand of
skepticism that deserves sustained and respectful attention, which I will refer
to as epistemic defeatism. Roughly, in its most global form, this is the view
that, in the final analysis, we have no good evidence for the truth of any
proposition. I do not attempt to argue for the truth of epistemic defeatism, but
only to untangle it from neighboring views and in particular to establish its
independence from questions about knowledge. Having thus established the
view's autonomy, I turn to considering the options for
self-consciously accepting defeat. One may despair or one may have faith. But I
will ultimately propose that the most attractive option—the option
that preserves the most of our epistemic integrity—is to have
hope.