Intercalates of Georgia well-crystallized kaolinite with formamide, N-methylformamide (NMF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were prepared at room temperature by dispersing the clay in the organic liquid. Several physical and chemical properties of the intercalated organic molecules and the clay, while intercalated and after de-intercalation, were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and specific heat (Cp) measurements. The chemical bonding between the inner-surface hydroxyls and the organic molecules, as indicated by IR, was strongest for DMSO and weakest for formamide. The distortion of the kaolinite layer, as shown by EPR, also was greatest for DMSO and least for formamide. NMR T1 measurements indicated a relatively strong DMSO-kaolinite surface interaction that slowed down the methyl group reorientation comparable to that in bulk solid DMSO. T1 measurements indicated a weaker interaction for NMF. De-intercalation by mild heating did not return the kaolinite to its original structural state as shown by EPR and Cp. The greatest disorder was found for the DMSO de-intercalate and the least for the formamide de-intercalate. These experiments show that for sufficiently strong bonding between the clay inner surface and the intercalating molecule, the structure of the clay is capable of distortion, which is partly temporary and partly permanent. The permanent changes probably involve the introduction of stacking faults.

The heat capacities of kaolinite (7 to 380 K) and of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intercalated kaolinite (20 to 310 K) were measured by adiabatically shielded calorimetry. The third law entropy of kaolinite, S298, is 200.9 ± 0.5 J·mol−1K−1.

The “melting point” of the DMSO in the intercalate, 288.0 ± 0.2 K, is 3.7 K lower than that of pure DMSO, 291.67 K. The heat capacity of DMSO in the intercalate above 290 K is approximately 5.2 J·mol−1·K−1 smaller than that of pure liquid DMSO at the same temperature.

Heating coils utilize the concept of resistive heating to convert electrical energy into thermal energy. Uniform heating of the target area is the key performance indicator for heating coil design. Highly uniform distribution of temperature can be achieved by using a dense metal distribution in the area under consideration, however, this increases the cost of production significantly. A low-cost and efficient heating coil should have excellent temperature uniformity while having minimum metal consumption. In this work, space-filling fractal curves, such as Peano curve, Hilbert curve and Moore curve of various orders, have been studied as geometries for heating coils. In order to compare them in an effective way, the area of the geometries has been held constant at 30 mm × 30 mm and a constant power of 2 W has been maintained across all the geometries. Further, the thickness of the metal coils and their widths have been kept constant for all geometries. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results show Hilbert and Moore curves of order-4, and Peano curve of order-3 outperform the typical double-spiral heater in terms of temperature uniformity and metal coil length.

Enthalpies of formation and heat capacities are key parameters for thermodynamic assessments using the CALPHAD method and were determined in this work in the ZrO2–Y0.5Ta0.5O2 quasibinary system. ZrxY0.5−x/2Ta0.5−x/2O2 samples with compositions in the monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2-based solid solutions (0.65 ≤ x ≤ 1) as well as the two monoclinic (M′ and M) polymorphs of the Y0.5Ta0.5O2-based solid solutions (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) were investigated. The enthalpies of the two monoclinic polymorphs M′ and M are essentially the same within experimental uncertainty and have significant energetic stability (enthalpies of formation near −45 kJ/mol) relative to their component oxides. The monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia-rich solid solutions have little energetic stability with respect to ZrO2, Ta2O5, and Y2O3 and presumably owe their existence to the configurational entropy. The heat capacities of M′ and M phase are similar and can be estimated from their constituent oxides using the Neumann–Kopp rule.

In order to begin to evaluate and model the suitability of high temperature ceramic composites, such as AlN:Mo, as susceptor materials for power beaming applications, the electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties of the material must be known at elevated temperatures. Work reported here focuses on the development of thermal property datasets for AlN:Mo composites ranging from 0.25% to 4.0% Mo by volume. To calculate thermal conductivity of the AlN:Mo composite series, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and density data were acquired. The calculated specific heat capacity, Cp, of the set of AlN:Mo composites was, on average, found to be approximately 803 J/kgK at 100 °C and to increase to approximately 1133 J/kgK at 1000 °C, with all values to be within +/- 32 J/kgK of the average at a given temperature. These calculated specific heat capacity values matched values derived from DSC measurements to within the expected error of the measurements. Measured thermal diffusivity, α, of the set of AlN:Mo composites was, on average, found to be approximately 3.93 x 10-1 cm2/s at 100 °C and to increase to approximately 9.80 x 10-2 cm2/s at 1000 °C, with all values within +/- 1.84 x 10-2 cm2/s of the average at a given temperature. Thermal conductivity, k, for the set of AlN:Mo composites was found to be approximately 108 W/mK at 100 °C and to decrease to approximately 38 W/mK at 1000 °C, with all values within +/- 5.3 W/mK of the average at a given temperature. Data trends show that increasing Mo content correlates to lower values of of Cp, α, and k at a given temperature.

Many issues concerning the transformation behaviors in the Ni-rich Ti–Ni system remain unresolved, such as the isothermal nature of the B19′-martensitic and R-phase transformations and the precursor phenomena in the B2-parent phase. To clarify the origins of these behaviors, we investigated the transformation latent heat, specific heat, and superelastic behaviors of several Ni-rich Ti–Ni alloys in terms of the entropy change. An anomalous, very wide hump in the specific heat was detected for the B2-parent phase, which can likely be attributed to the precursor phenomenon in the B2-parent phase. In the critical region where the anomalous hump intersects the B19′-martensitic transformation, some evidences of the R-phase transformation were observed, such as a tweed-like microstructure and a specific heat peak with first-order-transformation characteristics. These findings suggest a strong relationship between the R phase and the precursor state in the B2-parent phase.

Types of melter feed materials affect glass production rates. This study focuses on the effects of alumina sources on melting behavior of high-alumina high-level-waste melter feeds containing different alumina sources, namely, gibbsite, boehmite, and corundum. The heat flow from the glass melt to the cold cap, a floating layer of the reacting feed, is partially hindered by a foam layer at the bottom of the cold cap. Volume expansion tests and thermoanalytical methods revealed that a slow-melting feed with corundum foamed extensively, whereas a fast-melting feed with boehmite had a low reaction heat and produced less stable foam. The foam thickness, a critical factor for the rate of melting, estimated using the relationship between the heat conductivity and foam porosity was in reasonable agreement with experimental observation.

In this work, the formation of d-wave superconducting magnetic vortex is studied within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism and the generalized Hubbard model, which leads to 2N2 coupled self-consistent equations for a supercell of N×N atoms. These equations determine the spatial variation of the superconducting gap as a function of the electron concentration and electron-electron interactions. The results show that the superconducting states induced by the correlated hopping (Δt3) are more sensitive to the presence of magnetic field than those induced by attractive nearest-neighbor interaction (V). Furthermore, we calculate the electronic specific heat as a function of the temperature for a given applied magnetic field, whose behavior has a qualitative agreement with experimental data.