Coronary artery disease of non-atherosclerotic aetiology, while rare in incidence, can have a wide aetiology, such as fibromuscular dysplasia, which is a non-inflammatory arteriopathy of numerous histopathological types of fibromuscular tissue accumulation. This brief report describes the case of a 22-year-old male with a recently developed dilated cardiomyopathy and a history of aborted cardiac arrest at the age of 14 years. Coronary angiogram revealed severe three vessels disease, while optical coherence tomography established fibromuscular dysplasia as aetiology. Balloon and stent angioplasty was performed guided by fractional flow reserve with acceptable angiographic result.

Fibromuscular dysplasia is a common vascular disease, which mainly affects the renal arteries. In this study, we report the case of a 1-day-old infant who presented with severe left ventricular dysfunction immediately after birth, and subsequently died 3 days postnatally. At autopsy, an extensive myocardial infarction of the left ventricle and the septum was found, caused by an isolated fibromuscular dysplasia of left coronary artery.

Acute myocardial infarction is rarely reported in children. Most of the cases are secondary to congenital anomalies or Kawasaki disease. Coronary artery total occlusion caused by fibromuscular dysplasia has never been reported in young children. Here we report a case of a 12-year-old boy with fibromuscular dysplasia, who underwent successful coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.

A 3-year-old patient is described with an unusual form of co-arctation due to hypoplasia of the transverse arch and fibromuscular dysplasia involving a long segment of the thoracic aorta. Surgical repair required resection of the aorta from the distal transverse arch to the mid-descending thoracic aorta, and replacement with a 16-mm Dacron interposition graft. This case demonstrates the importance of preoperative evaluation of the entire aorta in the presence of co-arctation due to fibromuscular dysplasia.