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2 results

  • Chapter 77 - Cerebral infarction and occult degenerative cerebrovascular disease
  • from Section 3 - Symptomatic epilepsy
  • Edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Frederick Andermann, Renzo Guerrini
  • Book: The Causes of Epilepsy
  • Published online: 05 March 2012
  • Print publication: 14 April 2011, pp 544-550
  • View extract

    Summary

    Stroke is a killer and causes long-term disability. It is among the most frequent causes of death in adults and children across the globe. Risk factors include age, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Hematologic disorders such as sickle-cell disease and coagulopathies put patients at risk for stroke. The initiating event for ischemic stroke is one of three pathophysiologic occurrences resulting in the interruption of oxygen and glucose delivery to brain cells. Presenting symptoms in children may include nausea, vomiting, headache, and seizures instead of, or in addition to, those described for adults. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and imaging studies are standard diagnostic tools for both cerebrovascular disease and epilepsy. Patients were treated with phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproate and 75% of patients were reported to have seizures controlled, although that is not defined by the authors as seizure-free.