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22 results

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  • 5 - REM sleep and dreaming: the nature of the relationship
  • from Section I - Historical context
  • Edited by Birendra N. Mallick, Jawaharlal Nehru University, S. R. Pandi-Perumal , Robert W. McCarley, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Adrian R. Morrison, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
  • Published online: 07 September 2011
  • Print publication: 14 July 2011, pp 40-48
  • View extract

    Summary

    Summary

    The need to study dreaming is the promise that it will unlock the mystery of psychosis and perhaps contribute to resolving the mind–body problem. A number of questions arise in the study of dreams. Can dreams be reliably measured? Do dreams reflect differences where we know psychological differences exist? Do dreams change when there is a change in the state of the dreamer? Do dreams change across the night and across the REM period? Are the dreams of individuals different from one another? And are dreams of an individual different from night to night? Are dreams related to the waking life of the dreamer? Are dreams random or orderly? These are the questions this chapter undertakes to address.

Sleep and Mental Illness
  • Sleep and Mental Illness
  • Edited by S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Milton Kramer
  • Published online: 05 July 2011
  • Print publication: 01 April 2010
  • View description
    The diagnosis of mental illness is frequently accompanied by sleep problems; conversely, people experiencing sleep problems may subsequently develop mental illness. Sleep and Mental Illness looks at this close correlation and considers the implications of research findings that have emerged in the last few years. Additionally, it surveys the essential concepts and practical tools required to deal with sleep and co-morbid psychiatric problems. The volume is divided into three main sections: basic science, neuroendocrinology, and clinical science. Included are over 30 chapters on topics such as neuropharmacology, insomnia, depression, dementia, autism, and schizophrenia. Relevant questionnaires for the assessment of sleep disorders, including quality-of-life measurement tools, are provided. There is also a summary table of drugs for treating sleep disorders. This interdisciplinary text will be of interest to clinicians working in psychiatry, behavioral sleep medicine, neurology, pulmonary and critical care medicine.
  • 29 - Dreaming and dreaming disorders in the elderly
  • from Part 3 - Sleepdisorders in the elderly
  • Edited by S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Jaime M. Monti, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Andrew A. Monjan, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Principles and Practice of Geriatric Sleep Medicine
  • Published online: 04 August 2010
  • Print publication: 26 November 2009, pp 307-318
  • View abstract

    Summary

    This chapter reviews evidence regarding the connections between sleep and specific common psychiatric disorders, as well as potential treatment approaches. These associations are particularly relevant in older adults, given the high prevalence of both sleep and psychiatric disturbances that accompany aging. Patients who are taught the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may learn to apply them in the treatment of both anxiety disorders and insomnia. Both subjective sleep complaints and objective findings have been reported in elderly patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. A strong interplay exists between these underlying psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances. Patients with depressive and anxiety disorders may complain of insomnia, while in turn insomnia may increase the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder. To address this interplay, treatment with either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy may focus on both the sleep disturbances and mood or anxiety disorders to achieve optimal benefit.
  • Dreaming has content and meaning not just form
  • Milton Kramer
  • Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 23 / Issue 6 / December 2000
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 September 2001, pp. 959-961
  • View abstract

    The biological theories of dreaming provide no explanation for the transduction from neuronal discharge to dreaming or waking consciousness. They cannot account for the variability in dream content between individuals or within individuals. Mind-brain isomorphism is poorly supported, as is dreaming's link to REM sleep. Biological theories of dreaming do not provide a function for dreaming nor a meaning for dreams. Evolutionary views of dreaming do not relate dream content to the current concerns of the dreamer and using the nightmare as the paradigm dream minimizes the impact of poor sleep on adaptations.

    [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms]

  • Interlaboratory Comparisons of 14C Measurements in Milk and Vegetation
  • G. M. Milton, S. J. Kramer, J. C. D. Milton
  • Journal: Radiocarbon / Volume 40 / Issue 1 / 1997
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 July 2016, pp. 299-311
  • Print publication: 1997
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  • View abstract

    The need for increased quality assurance for radiocarbon measurements performed by the monitoring laboratories at nuclear stations has spurred the introduction of a number of interlaboratory comparisons. We organized two such intercomparisons: the first set, circulated in 1994, consisted of two milk samples, one containing current global levels of 14C, the other containing an added spike of 14C-methylated casein. The second set, circulated in 1995, consisted of two samples of natural vegetation growing on the site of the Chalk River Laboratories (CRL), containing two different levels of 14C, both well above global background. The response to our invitation to participate in these studies was very encouraging; six laboratories took part in the first intercomparison, eleven in the second. The list included both monitoring laboratories and those whose main function is 14C dating. Understandably, some of the latter preferred not to analyze the higher-activity samples. The results in 3 of the 4 data sets were consistent with a statistical distribution based on the reported errors. This report provides details of two intercomparisons, including the preparation of the samples, which may now be considered potential secondary reference materials, the range of analytical techniques in use at the participating laboratories, and a statistical analysis of the results returned to us.

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