Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

15 results

Stroke
  • Stroke
  • A History of Ideas
  • Jan van Gijn
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date: July 2023
  • Print publication: 31 July 2023
  • View description
    Stroke, as known today, is caused by occlusion or rupture of one or more blood vessels in the brain. Its manifestations were reported as long as medical records exist; sudden collapse, loss of movement and sensation, with preserved respiration and heart action. The book chronicles how ideas about events in the brain or its blood vessels evolved over 400 years. Starting with the revival of ancient medicine in the middle of the 16th century, the narrative ends in the 20th century, when techniques for brain scanning heralded the possibility of treatment for cerebrovascular disease. The narrative is exclusively based on primary sources and shows how this part of medical knowledge evolved, including byways and blind alleys. Frequent accounts from original sources assist the reader in following how clashes of opinions led to improved understanding, making this an indispensable reference for the history of stroke research.
  • Cognitive functioning in patients with a small infarct in the brainstem
  • Martine Van Zandvoort, Edward De Haan, Jan Van Gijn, Laurens Jaap Kappelle
  • Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / 25 March 2003
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 February 2020, pp. 490-494
  • View abstract

    Earlier findings in patients with a small supratentorial white matter infarct demonstrated subtle impairments of cognition. This is in line with reported difficulties in regaining premorbid level of functioning in daily life activities, even though any physical neurological deficits are no longer present. Either a “bystander effect” of adjoining gray matter or a long distance effect through hypometabolism or other neurochemical changes might underlie these impairments. To find the best explanation, a group of 17 patients with a lacunar infarct in the brainstem was neuropsychologically evaluated and compared with a closely matched control group. The patients demonstrated significantly impaired task performance on a constellation of neuropsychological tasks that was very similar to the findings previously found in patients with a supratentorial lacunar infarct (Boston Naming Test, TEA visual elevator, category fluency, Trailmaking Test). We conclude that a small white-matter infarct may affect cognitive functioning in a nonspecific way independently of its location. (JINS, 2003, 9, 490–494.)

Stroke Syndromes, 3ed
  • Stroke Syndromes, 3ed
  • 3rd edition
  • Edited by Louis R. Caplan, Jan van Gijn
  • Published online: 05 August 2012
  • Print publication: 12 July 2012
  • View description
    The first two editions of Stroke Syndromes were widely welcomed as authoritative reference works in the assessment and diagnosis of stroke. This revised and updated third edition remains the definitive guide to patterns and syndromes in stroke. A comprehensive survey of all types of neurological, neurophysiological and other clinical dysfunction due to stroke. The book contains descriptions of clinical problems encountered in stroke patients and their differential diagnosis, enhancing pattern recognition and enabling clinicians to differentiate between possible locations on the basis of symptoms and signs. The companion volume Uncommon Causes of Stroke completes this highly authoritative reference work which clinicians in neurology will find essential to the understanding and diagnosis of stroke.
  • Chapter 47 - Subarachnoid hemorrhage syndromes
  • from Section 2 - Vascular topographic syndromes
  • Edited by Louis R. Caplan, Jan van Gijn
  • Book: Stroke Syndromes, 3ed
  • Published online: 05 August 2012
  • Print publication: 12 July 2012, pp 534-541
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Atheromatous stenosis of the basilar artery (BA) can cause pontine infarctions by superimposed thrombosis, which occlude the BA itself or the orifices of the branches of the BA. Pontine infarctions can occur following large thromboembolism lodging at the BA lumen. Emboli usually lodge in the distal portion of the BA, occluding the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) or orifices of branches of the distal BA. Lipohyalinosis and branch atheromatous disease of the penetrating small arteries are the major vascular pathologies in most patients who develop pontine infarction. Pontine infarctions are caused by a variety of vascular pathologies that can develop in large brain-supplying arteries. About 10% of all brain hemorrhages occur in the pons. Before the development of computed tomography (CT) scanning, primary pontine hemorrhages (PPH) were considered a uniformly fatal disease characterized by horizontal gaze paresis, pinpoint pupils, high fever, quadriparesis, and rapid onset of coma.
  • 9 - The clinical trial in efficacy research in neurological diseases
  • from Part I - Quantitative methods in clinical neurology
  • Albert Hofman, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Richard Mayeux, Columbia University, New York
  • Book: Investigating Neurological Disease
  • Published online: 29 September 2009
  • Print publication: 30 August 2001, pp 113-134
  • View abstract

    Summary

    This chapter starts with some issues that apply to clinical trials in general: pragmatic versus explanatory trials, role of sponsoring industries, methods of randomization, and double blind versus single blind design. It describes the measurement of outcome in neurology. The chapter covers certain neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), polyneuropathy, migraine, and epilepsy. Several phases can be distinguished in the evaluation of therapy. Phase I studies often investigate what the safe dose range is. Phase II studies are carried out in volunteers or in patients. Phase III studies are clinical studies in which the effectiveness suggested by phase II studies is put to the test. Phase IV studies are planned postmarketing studies. The most well-known and widely used clinical measure for measuring outcome in clinical trials of patients with MS is the Kurtzke Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
  • 49 - Subarachnoid hemorrhage syndromes
  • from PART II - VASCULAR TOPOGRAPHIC SYNDROMES
  • Edited by Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Louis R. Caplan, Harvard Medical School
  • Book: Stroke Syndromes
  • Published online: 17 May 2010
  • Print publication: 24 May 2001, pp 618-625
  • View extract

    Summary

    Causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage

    It is not the purpose of this chapter to go into great depth about the variety of disease conditions that may cause subarachnoid hemorrhage, but we should like to point out that 15% of spontaneous hemorrhages in the subarachnoid space are not caused by aneurysms (Table 49.1), and that certain elements of the history or the physical examination may sometimes point to one of these specific causes.

    History

    Sudden headache

    The key feature in diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the history of sudden, severe and unusual headache. Classically it comes on in seconds (‘a flash’, ‘just like that’, ‘a bolt from a blue sky’, ‘as if I was hit on the head’), or in a few minutes at most. A potential pitfall is that patients may sometimes use the word ‘sudden’ to describe an episode of headache that came on in half an hour or longer, depending on the interval after which the history is given. And, even if the headache really comes on within seconds or minutes, such a history is not specific for ruptured aneurysms or even for SAH in general. Sudden onset headache may also occur with other intracranial hemorrhages, with non-hemorrhagic brain disease, and especially with innocuous forms of ‘thunderclap headache’: variants of vascular headache, migrainous or not, or of muscle contraction headache. Sexual activity may precipitate not only SAH, but also either type of the relatively harmless headaches (Lance, 1976; Pascual et al., 1996).

    In general practice, exceptional forms of common headaches outnumber common forms of a rare disease, in this case a ruptured aneurysm.