Treatment with thrombopoietin of the hematopoietic syndrome induced by lethal
irradiation.
The therapeutical efficacy of thrombopoietin, an haematopoietic cytokine, has been
evaluated on improvement of haematopoietic syndrome, haematopoietic recovery and survival
in C57BL6J mice following total body irradiation with a 60Co source (7-10 Gy). A single
administration of 0.3 μg thrombopoietin 2 h after an irradiation of 9 Gy increased the
30-day survival. The survival enhancement was related to an accelerated haematopoietic
recovery for all lineages and a decrease in bacterial infections. However, when the
administration was delayed to 24 h after irradiation, thrombopoietin had a lower
efficiency on both survival and haematopoietic recovery. We observed that half of
the thrombopoietin-treated mice died between the 2nd and the 6th month after irradiation.
This long-term mortality was likely to be due to thrombosis formation. In fact, we have
demonstrated that thrombopoietin activates platelets which in turn enhance thrombosis
formation in irradiated mice. In order to avoid thrombosis, we administered ticlopidine,
an antagonist of platelet activation, to mice before irradiation. Almost all of the 9 Gy
irradiated mice which received both thrombopoietin and ticlopidine survived up to
6 months, reaching the same efficiency than a bone marrow graft. In summary, we have
shown that thrombopoietin treatment enhances survival of lethally irradiated mice in
relation with protection from haematopoietic syndrome. Nonetheless, an anti-platelet
drug might be associated with thrombopoietin to avoid thrombosis formation which might
be lethal on a long-term basis.