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5 results

  • Quetiapine for Mania Due to Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Timothy J. Oster, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley, Hal S. Wortzel, David B. Arciniegas
  • Journal: CNS Spectrums / Volume 12 / Issue 10 / October 2007
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 November 2014, pp. 764-769
  • View abstract

    Secondary mania develops in as many as 9% of persons with traumatic brain injuries.The treatment of posttraumatic mania is not well defined, and agents traditionally used for the treatment of idiopathic manic episodes may not be well suited for use among individuals with traumatic brain injuries. Atypical antipsychotics are indicated for the treatment of idiopathic bipolar disorder, and have been used for other purposes among individuals with posttraumatic neuropsychiatric disturbances. This article offers the first description of the treatment of posttraumatic mania using the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine. Beneficial effects of this agent on posttraumatic mania, cognitive impairments, and functional disability in the subacute post-injury period are described. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed and the need for additional investigation of quetiapine for posttraumatic mania is highlighted.

  • 33 - Rehabilitation and pharmacotherapy ofcognitive impairments
  • from Section III - Treatments in Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 511-542
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Neuropsychological assessment is an important component of the comprehensive neurodiagnostic evaluation of many patients with suspected or known brain dysfunction. Neuropsychological evaluations are covered by most major insurance carriers using the American Medical Association's Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for the procedures. A clinical interview with the patient, focusing upon the presenting complaint and history of potential central nervous system (CNS) risk factors or other demographic and background characteristics, might contribute to symptoms or impact current test performance. The neuropsychological evaluation typically begins with a review of the referral question and available medical records. Neuropsychological tests vary in terms of their available normative comparison groups, although some represent large databases comprised of representative samples of the general population. Neuropsychological reports vary widely depending upon the practitioner, his or her background and current setting, the nature and extent of the evaluation, and the referral base of the neuropsychologist's practice.
  • 25 - Forensicassessment
  • from Section II - Neurobehavioral and Neuropsychiatric Assessment
  • Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
  • Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
  • Published online: 05 February 2013
  • Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp 406-414
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Comportment can be understood through analysis of its individual components: insight, judgment, self-awareness, social adaptation, and empathy. The case of Phineas Gage has served as the guiding compass towards our understanding of the prefrontal cortex as a region critical for comportment. Modern neuroimaging using the skull of Gage has shown bihemispheric prefrontal lesions involving the orbitofrontal cortex, the medial frontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate gyrus. A variety of diseases that preferentially affect the prefrontal cortex and that result in increased aggression, loss of empathy, and disinhibition have provided neurologists with insight into the brain structures responsible for comportment. This chapter discusses the pathogenesis of developmental disorders such as autism and Asperger's Syndrome (AS), degenerative processes such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), physical injury to the prefrontal cortex, and schizophrenia as well as relevant functional neuroimaging studies.