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4 results

  • Validity of the NIH toolbox cognitive battery in a healthy oldest-old 85+ sample
  • Sara A. Nolin, Hannah Cowart, Stacy Merritt, Katalina McInerney, P. K. Bharadwaj, Mary Kate Franchetti, David A. Raichlen, Cortney J. Jessup, G. Alex Hishaw, Emily J. Van Etten, Theodore P. Trouard, David S. Geldmacher, Virginia G. Wadley, Eric S. Porges, Adam J. Woods, Ron A. Cohen, Bonnie E. Levin, Tatjana Rundek, Gene E. Alexander, Kristina M. Visscher
  • Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , First View
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 October 2022, pp. 1-10
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    Objective:

    To evaluate the construct validity of the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIH TB-CB) in the healthy oldest-old (85+ years old).

    Method:

    Our sample from the McKnight Brain Aging Registry consists of 179 individuals, 85 to 99 years of age, screened for memory, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Using previous research methods on a sample of 85 + y/o adults, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses on models of NIH TB-CB and same domain standard neuropsychological measures. We hypothesized the five-factor model (Reading, Vocabulary, Memory, Working Memory, and Executive/Speed) would have the best fit, consistent with younger populations. We assessed confirmatory and discriminant validity. We also evaluated demographic and computer use predictors of NIH TB-CB composite scores.

    Results:

    Findings suggest the six-factor model (Vocabulary, Reading, Memory, Working Memory, Executive, and Speed) had a better fit than alternative models. NIH TB-CB tests had good convergent and discriminant validity, though tests in the executive functioning domain had high inter-correlations with other cognitive domains. Computer use was strongly associated with higher NIH TB-CB overall and fluid cognition composite scores.

    Conclusion:

    The NIH TB-CB is a valid assessment for the oldest-old samples, with relatively weak validity in the domain of executive functioning. Computer use’s impact on composite scores could be due to the executive demands of learning to use a tablet. Strong relationships of executive function with other cognitive domains could be due to cognitive dedifferentiation. Overall, the NIH TB-CB could be useful for testing cognition in the oldest-old and the impact of aging on cognition in older populations.

  • Chapter 4 - Neuroimaging of the Aging Brain
  • Edited by Kenneth M. Heilman, University of Florida, Stephen E. Nadeau, University of Florida
  • Book: Cognitive Changes and the Aging Brain
  • Published online: 30 November 2019
  • Print publication: 05 December 2019, pp 28-53
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    Summary

    Neuroimaging visualizes and quantifies age-related changes in brain structure, function, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral metabolic health. MRI studies show reductions in both overall and regional brain volumes, but to a lesser extent than in Alzheimer’s disease. Those aging non-pathologically tend to have relative preservation of mesial temporal and enthorhinal brain areas. White matter changes are also common as shown by hyperintensities on fluid attenuated inversion recovery and other T2 MRI images, presumably as a result of co-morbities that increasingly occur with age. Diffusion tensor imaging shows reductions in white matter integrity, including white matter fiber counts and overall white matter volume, beginning in mid- to late life. The neural response during both rest and task performance also shows reduced activation of core task-related networks but expansion to include other region activation. Reduced cerebral blood volume and flow also occur, likely reflecting alterations in hemodynamic function due to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular changes. Cerebral metabolic changes on MR spectroscopy occur with reduced concentrations of GABA and other neurotransmitters, as well as markers of neuronal integrity. Myoinositol, a marker of glial activation, may be elevated, indicating neuroinflammation, though this effect is likely not ubiquitous in successful aging.

  • 2038 Effects of bilateral frontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the working memory network: An fMRI-tDCS study in healthy older adults
  • Nicole R. Nissim, Andrew O’Shea, Lindsey Richards, Rachel Telles, Eric Porges, Ronald Cohen, Adam J. Woods
  • Journal: Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / June 2018
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 November 2018, p. 11
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    OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The study aimed to determine the effects of bilateral frontal active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at 2 mA for 12 minute Versus sham stimulation on functional connectivity of the working memory network during an fMRI N-Back task. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Stimulation was delivered over bilateral frontal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex via and MRI-compatible tDCS device during an fMRI working memory task in healthy older adults in a within-subject design. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Active stimulation compared with sham resulted in significant increases in functional connectivity in working memory related brain regions during the N-Back task. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Older adults typically have reduced functional connectivity compared with young adults. Our findings demonstrate that a single session of tDCS can increase functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults. Based on this mechanism of effect, tDCS may serve as an adjunctive method for interventions aiming to enhance cognitive processes in older adults.