Special moral, regulatory, and scientific questions surround
the inclusion of children in health-related research. These
questions arise from a fundamental moral tension between the
obligation to expose children to research participation to ensure
that they share in the benefits that arise from it and the
obligation to protect them from the harms associated with their
inappropriate involvement in research. This tension is felt
in the development of moral and regulatory frameworks for the
protection of child research subjects and in the implementation
and interpretation of these frameworks by institutional review
boards (IRBs).