Certain biocomposites exploit the combination of soft and hard elements to achieve high strength and toughness. In nacre, found inside certain seashells or on the surface of pearls, hard layers of micron-scale thickness are glued together by thin layers of soft proteins to realize remarkable strength and toughness. In spider webs, stiffer radial threads are connected by softer spiral threads to produce a light and resistant structure. In the exoskeleton of lobsters, organic fibers form a chiral structure in an inorganic matrix. This article reviews progress in the understanding of the mechanical superiority of such soft-hard biocomposites. In particular, simple physical views are presented that allow an intuitive understanding of how their remarkable structures contribute to enhancing their fracture resistance in the presence of cracks, and how such structures are physically optimized in terms of mechanical properties. Such fundamental insights could be useful as guiding principles for developing artificial, reinforced materials.