Inconsistent results have emerged in thought suppression studies using thought frequency counts as the primary dependent measure. In the present study, we used cognitive and emotional measures to assess the effects of suppressing negative self-referent and neutral thoughts. Although no between-group differences in cognitive outcomes emerged, participants in the negative self-referent thought condition experienced more anxiety, frustration, and hostility than did participants in the neutral thought condition. Affective measures appear necessary to assess the effects of suppressing personally relevant thoughts.