Yttrium implanted and unimplanted various reference steels were oxidized at 700 °C,
under controlled atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure: 0.04 Pa), for 24 h to observe the yttrium
implantation and the addition element effects on steel high temperature oxidation behaviours.
Yttrium implantation effects on reference steels were characterized using analytical and
structural techniques such as Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Reflection High
Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Glancing Angle X-ray
Diffraction (GAXRD). Yttrium implanted and unimplanted reference steel oxidation behaviours
were observed by thermogravimetry and in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. Our results
clearly show that yttrium implantation and high temperature oxidation induced the formation of
several yttrium mixed oxides which closely depend on the reference steel addition elements.
Moreover, these yttrium mixed oxides seem to be responsible for the improved reference steel
oxidation resistance at high temperature.