Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- 172 Candidiasis
- 173 Aspergillosis
- 174 Mucormycosis (and entomophthoramycosis)
- 175 Sporotrichum
- 176 Cryptococcus
- 177 Histoplasmosis
- 178 Blastomycosis
- 179 Coccidioidomycosis
- 180 Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
- 181 Miscellaneous fungi and algae
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
175 - Sporotrichum
from Part XXII - Specific organisms: fungi
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2015
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- 172 Candidiasis
- 173 Aspergillosis
- 174 Mucormycosis (and entomophthoramycosis)
- 175 Sporotrichum
- 176 Cryptococcus
- 177 Histoplasmosis
- 178 Blastomycosis
- 179 Coccidioidomycosis
- 180 Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
- 181 Miscellaneous fungi and algae
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
Summary
Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii and related species. It occurs most commonly in cutaneous or lymphocutaneous forms resulting from direct inoculation of the pathogen but also occurs in a variety of extracutaneous forms. Among the extracutaneous forms, a primary sporotrichotic pneumonia, presumably acquired by inhalation, occurs rarely. More commonly, musculoskeletal or osteoarticular sporotrichosis occurs, either as a result of direct inoculation into tendons, bursae, and joints or as a result of hematogenous dissemination. Hematogenous dissemination may result in disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis and/or infection of a variety of unusual sites, including the meninges.
Epidemiology
Sporothrix schenckii is widely distributed in nature; it grows on plant debris in soil, and on the bark of trees, shrubs, and garden plants. The fungus and the disease occur in much of the world, primarily in the tropical and temperate zones. The abundance of the organism and the reported incidence of the disease show great geographic variation, perhaps related to genotypic differences between organisms in different locales. The penetrating trauma that introduces the fungal conidia into the human host is most commonly accomplished by splinters, thorns, or woody fragments of plants, but any contact with plants or plant products (e.g., sphagnum peat moss, mulch, hay, timber) accompanying minor skin trauma may initiate infection. Activities most frequently associated with acquisition of sporotrichosis include gardening (particularly rose gardening), landscaping, farming, berry-picking, horticulture, and carpentry. Skin test and serologic surveys demonstrate that most S. schenckii inoculations promote the development of immunity without clinically apparent infection. Zoonotic transmission also occurs from infected animals, particularly cats with extensive skin lesions, but may result from the scratch of any digging animal. Both pulmonary and disseminated sporotrichosis appear to occur more commonly in patients with a history of alcoholism.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1124 - 1127Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015