Abbreviations

ACHPR

African Charter on Human and People’s Rights

AI

artificial intelligence

AIDCP

Agreement on the International Dolphin Conservation Program

AML

anti-money laundering

AML/CFT

anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

BCBS

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

BIS

Bank for International Settlements

BITs

bilateral investment treaties

BLA

Baloch Liberation Army

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

CAC

Codex Alimentarius Commission

CAS

Court of Arbitration for Sport

CAT

Committee against Torture

CBD

Convention on Biodiversity

CCSI

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment

CED

Committee on Enforced Disappearances

CEDAW

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

CERD

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

CESCR

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

CETA

Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement

CFT

countering the financing of terrorism

CIEL

The Centre for International Environmental Law

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

CJEU

Court of Justice of the European Union

CMW

Committee on Migrant Workers

CPC

Communist Party of China

CPF

counter-proliferation finance

CPSS

Committee on Payment and Settlements Systems

CRC

Committee on the Rights of the Child

CRPD

Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

CSR

corporate social responsibility

DPRK

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

DSU

Dispute Settlement Understanding

EC

European Communities

ECHR

European Convention on Human Rights

ECtHR

European Court of Human Rights

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

EO

Executive Order

ESIA

environmental and social impact assessment

ETP

Eastern Tropical Pacific

FATF

Financial Action Task Force

FET

fair and equitable treatment

FIFA

Fédération Internationale de Football Association

FIFA RSTP

FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players

FNLMA

First Nations Land Management Act

FPIC

free, prior and informed consent

FRF

Romanian Football Federation

FSAP

Financial Sector Assessment Program

FSB

Financial Stability Board

FSF

Financial Stability Forum

FTA

Free Trade Agreement

G7

Group of Seven

G10

Group of Ten

G20

Group of Twenty

G2G

government-to-government

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GMOs

genetically modified organisms

HRC

UN Human Rights Committee

IACrtHR

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

IAEA

the International Atomic Energy Agency

IAIS

International Association of Insurance Supervisors

IASC

International Accounting Standards Committee

IBS

international banking standard

ICCPR

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

ICJ

International Court of Justice

ICSID

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

IFC

International Finance Corporation

IIA

international investment agreement

ILA

International Law Association

ILC

International Law Commission

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IOSCO

International Organization of Securities Commission

ISDS

investor–state dispute settlement

ISEAL

International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

JCPOA

the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

MEAs

multilateral environmental agreements

MFLO

Muslim Family Law Ordinance

MOFCOM

China’s Ministry of Commerce

MOU

memorandum of understanding

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NCPs

National Contact Points

NGO

non-governmental organization

OBOR

One Belt One Road

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OFAC

Office of Foreign Assets Control

OHCHR

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

OIC Agreement

The Agreement on Promotion, Protection and Guarantee of Investments among member States of the Organization of the Islamic Conference

PCA

Permanent Court of Arbitration

PoE

panel of experts

PPMs

processing and production methods

PRC

People’s Republic of China

RSPO

Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil

SASF

semi-autonomous social field

SFT

Swiss Federal Tribunal

SGBs

sports governing bodies

SPS Agreement

Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

SR

Special Representative

SWIFT

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

TBT Agreement

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

TEDs

turtle excluder devices

TPP

Trans-Pacific Partnership

TTIP

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

UDHR

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

UEFA

Union Européenne de Football Association

UEFA FFP

UEFA Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play Regulations

UN

United Nations

UNCED

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNCITRAL

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDRIP

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNGPs

United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

UNSC

United Nations Security Council

UNSCR

United Nations Security Council Resolution

VCLT

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

WADA

World Anti-Doping Agency

WADC

World Anti-Doping Code

WTO

World Trade Organization

WTO DSB

WTO Dispute Settlement Body