Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Figures and Maps
- List of Tables
- List of Abbreviations
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: The Problem of the ‘Rural Middle Class(es)’
- 1 Trajectory of the Indian Middle Class: Its Size and Geographical Variations
- 2 In Search of the Rural Middle Classes: From Village Stratification to Rural Household Variations
- 3 Marx: Capital, Labour and the Rural Middle Classes
- 4 Weber: Marketable Capital, Status and the Rural Middle Classes
- 5 Bourdieu: Cultural Capital, Self-perception and the Middle-class Identity in Rural India
- Conclusion: Understanding the Rural Middle Classes
- Appendix A1 Non-farm Occupations in Rahatwade and Nandur
- Appendix A2 Caste and Occupations: The Urban Middle-Class Labour Market
- Appendix A3 Caste and Occupations in Rural India since 1991
- Appendix A4 Caste and Income Distribution
- Appendix A5 Caste and Socio-economic Indicators in Rural and Urban India
- Appendix A6 Caste Composition of Urban Middle Classes in India
- Appendix A7 Caste Composition of the Rural Middle Classes in Maharashtra
- Appendix A8 Household Survey Questionnaire 1
- Appendix A9 Household Socio-economic Survey Questionnaire 2
- References
- Index
Appendix A3 - Caste and Occupations in Rural India since 1991
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 May 2020
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Figures and Maps
- List of Tables
- List of Abbreviations
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: The Problem of the ‘Rural Middle Class(es)’
- 1 Trajectory of the Indian Middle Class: Its Size and Geographical Variations
- 2 In Search of the Rural Middle Classes: From Village Stratification to Rural Household Variations
- 3 Marx: Capital, Labour and the Rural Middle Classes
- 4 Weber: Marketable Capital, Status and the Rural Middle Classes
- 5 Bourdieu: Cultural Capital, Self-perception and the Middle-class Identity in Rural India
- Conclusion: Understanding the Rural Middle Classes
- Appendix A1 Non-farm Occupations in Rahatwade and Nandur
- Appendix A2 Caste and Occupations: The Urban Middle-Class Labour Market
- Appendix A3 Caste and Occupations in Rural India since 1991
- Appendix A4 Caste and Income Distribution
- Appendix A5 Caste and Socio-economic Indicators in Rural and Urban India
- Appendix A6 Caste Composition of Urban Middle Classes in India
- Appendix A7 Caste Composition of the Rural Middle Classes in Maharashtra
- Appendix A8 Household Survey Questionnaire 1
- Appendix A9 Household Socio-economic Survey Questionnaire 2
- References
- Index
Summary
In addition to examination of occupational distribution among different caste groups in rural India in 2011–12, which was presented in Chapter 4, here we use another two rounds of data at All-India level to examine the persistence of caste inequality in the labour market over the last 30 years. Tables A3.1 and A3.2 present the occupational distribution among different caste groups in rural India in 1993–1994 and 2004–2005, respectively. Figure A3.1 illustrates the distribution of occupations among different caste groups in rural India from 1993 to 2012. Data from 1993 to 1994 (Table A3.1) does not disaggregate among the Brahmins, Forward Castes and OBCs, and therefore, only occupational distribution among SCs and STs and overall rural India is included in the graph. The graph demonstrates caste inequality in occupations has changed over time. For example, there has been an increase in the percentage of the SCs and STs engaged in salaried employment. In 1993–94, only 4.68 per cent of SC and 3.65 per cent of ST households in rural India primarily earned their income from salaried employment. In 2004–05, their percentage increased to 8.42 and 8.76 and in 2011–12 to 7.8 and 9.31, respectively. In sum, there has been a marginal decline in the relationship between caste and occupation in rural India, when we examine the occupational pattern of SCs and STs in rural India.
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- Information
- Contested CapitalRural Middle Classes in India, pp. 214 - 216Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020