Europe (and its Union) has famously been described as a ‘constitutional mosaic’.1 Perhaps now it might be better described as an unconstitutional mess full of controversies, asymmetries and multiple fissures right at the heart of one its core concepts: EU Citizenship. This book has focussed for the most part on areas of law in the form of the pre-Maastricht case law on free movement of persons because, as was outlined in the Introduction, Plender and Evans famously claimed that citizenship existed in ‘incipient’ and ‘embryonic’ form because of these early cases.