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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 December 2017

Edited by
Peter J. Katzenstein  and
Lucia A. Seybert
Peter J. Katzenstein
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Lucia A. Seybert
Affiliation:
American University, Washington DC

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Type
Chapter
Information
Protean Power
Exploring the Uncertain and Unexpected in World Politics
 , pp. 344 - 355
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

accidents, 42, 191, 215, 278
accommodation, 170, 172, 177, 185–186
activists, 82–83, 85, 87, 89–91, 96, 98, 282
actors, xii–xiv, 10–16, 21–23, 29–37, 42–45, 60–64, 67–68, 121–125, 272–277
agile, xii, xiv, xv, 6, 10, 54, 129, 167, 169
collective, 36, 121, 122, 293
experience, 6, 10, 13–15, 29, 33, 88, 94, 126, 270
financial, 132, 169, 171–172, 179, 186
innovative, 65, 76, 81, 132, 187
market, 17, 173–174, 176, 178
political, 4, 26, 40, 47, 276, 278
private, 33, 133, 206, 248, 256, 258–261, 263
public, 167, 177, 186
societal, 95, 185–186, 190
state, 36, 94, 97, 122, 179, 269
weak, 74, 77, 232
actuality, 5, 8, 10, 267, 282, 291
actualization of potentialities, 4–6, 16, 53, 143, 149, 282–283, 286, 295, 297
and protean power, 288–292
affirmation, 11, 13–14, 33–35, 77, 80–81, 94, 133, 270–271, 273
and refusal, xiii, 11, 80, 83–87
afforestation, 253
Afghanistan, 75, 194, 197, 201, 235
Africa, 72, 74, 140, 153, 209, 214, 220–221, 249
Agamben, Giorgio, 290–291, 292
agency, 5, 10, 28, 31, 35, 38, 51, 150, 151
agents, 8, 48, 49, 112, 150–151, 157–158, 203, 258, 292
state, 104, 205, 274, 281
agile actors, xii, xiv, xv, 6, 10, 54, 129, 167, 169
agility, 12, 14, 23, 25, 102, 104, 188–189, 207, 280–281
ambiguities, 12, 25, 166, 181–182, 185, 193, 272, 298
of power, 103–105
America, 26–28, 65, 71, 73, 213–214, 222, 224–225, 267, 297–301
culture, 213, 222, 225
and United States, 267, 297–301
analysis, levels of, xiii, xiv, 39, 96, 101, 103–104, 120–121, 205
anti-discrimination, 86, 92, 94
anti-imperial superpowers, 71
anti-imperialism, 60, 72, 269
anti-personnel landmines (APL), 229, 234–240, 242, 244, 280
APL, see anti-personnel landmines
Arab Spring, xi, 3, 38, 51
Arendt, Hannah, 54, 283, 288
Argentina, 184
Aristotle, 54, 267, 284, 290–292, 295
armed non-state actors, 188, 194
arms control, 15, 36, 44, 56, 262, 269, 275–279, 280
anti-personnel landmines (APL), 229, 234–240, 242, 244, 280
case studies, 234–243
cluster munitions, 229, 234, 237–240, 277, 281
Cold War security environment, 231–232
conventional arms trade, 240–243
humanitarian, 229, 234, 237–238, 244
innovation and continuity, 229–245
post-Cold War security environment, 232–234
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), 230, 234, 240, 243–244
arms transfers, 241
Asia, 3, 72, 74, 140, 153, 161–162
assets, 141, 175, 178
financial, 138, 166, 172–173
asymmetries, 9, 31, 188
ATT, see Arms Trade Treaty
attacks, terrorist, 199, 201, 203–204
audiences
global, 209, 216, 217, 225, 272
local, 89, 93, 95, 223
Australia, 75, 203
autonomy, 36, 50, 150, 170, 171
Ayoub, Phillip M., 61, 77–79, 91, 262
Bachrach, Peter, 7, 34, 282
bankers, 30–31, 143
banks, 132, 134, 136, 137–139, 140, 160, 174, 176, 179–180
central, 137, 138, 142
Baratz, Morton S., 7, 34, 282
bargaining model of war, 43–47, 50
Barnett, Michael, 61
beliefs, 22, 47, 69, 167, 189, 197, 201, 223
best practice, xii, 14, 90, 202, 255, 272
Bismarck, Otto von, 27
bitcoin, 56, 124, 131–141, 142, 272–273, 275
definition, 134–137
and dynamics of protean and control power, 137–140
network, 135, 141
technology, 124, 136, 138, 143
blockchain, 135, 138–139, 141–142, 275
Bollywood, 209, 219
bombers, suicide, 201
bondholders, 180–181, 183
bonds, 168, 173, 183, 184
border agents, 112, 113–114
border collision, 100–123
border control, 77, 101, 105, 107–109, 112, 121
border crossers, 117–118, 121
border enforcement, 107, 109, 111, 115
Border Patrol, 108–110, 112, 114, 115
borders, xiv, 101, 102–103, 106, 107, 108–112, 114, 116–117, 120–121
national, 90, 147, 214–215
US–Mexico, 100–123
borrowers, 180, 182, 183
calculable probabilities, 16, 25, 52, 151
calculable risk, 3, 6, 10, 53, 60, 63, 69, 139, 147
California, 109, 212
CAN, see Climate Action Network
Canada, 37, 75, 193, 203, 236–237, 242
cancer, 128, 142, 143
capabilities, xiv–xv, 6, 10, 14–15, 16, 53, 60, 283, 296
material, xv, 231, 284
carbon
forest, 254, 258, 260
markets, 246, 261–262
offsets, 247, 248, 250, 252, 253, 255
carbon sinks, 37, 269, 270, 275–277, 278–279, 280
appropriation, 259–260
early history, 249–250
parallel relations, 254–256
policy phases, 256, 261, 262
politics of, 246–263
from private practice to public rules, 256–259
rise of voluntary market, 254–256
causality, 19–20
CDM, see Clean Development Mechanism
Central Americans, 106, 114–116, 119, 121–122
central banks, 137, 138, 142
central counterparties, 173, 176
chance, 4, 11, 19, 30, 42, 46, 231, 283, 287–289
and control power, 283–288
change, unexpected, 3–4, 9, 11, 52, 97
chaos, 208, 287
chess, 24–25
Chetaille, Agnès, 90–91
China, 132, 135, 140, 162–163, 164, 215, 219, 260, 297
government, 140, 153, 161
Chinese firms, 141, 162
Chinese National Petroleum Company (CNPC), 161–162
choice, 31–32, 36, 47, 113, 133, 191, 258, 287, 293
Chollywood, 209
circulation of power, xv, 10, 52, 98, 133, 209, 218, 225, 245
and finance, 166–187
and hydrocarbons, 147–165
protean, xiv, 17, 21, 25, 29, 32, 34, 38–39, 51
citizens, 73, 85, 158, 192, 193, 201, 286
civil and political rights, 37, 66, 74
civil wars, xiv, 51, 118
civilians, 190, 191, 201, 236, 280
clandestine flows, 101, 121–122
Clausewitz, Carl von, 283, 287–288
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), 250–252, 253–255, 257, 258, 260–261
climate, 19, 247, 259
Climate Action Network (CAN), 252, 260
climate change, 23, 68, 246, 247, 249, 250, 252, 276
effects, 248, 250, 254, 262
climate policy, 248, 257, 261
closed systems, 6, 17, 19–20, 53, 167, 268
Cluster Munition Convention (CMC), 36, 234, 237, 239–240, 281
cluster munitions, 229, 234, 237–240, 277, 281
CMC, see Cluster Munition Convention
CNPC, see Chinese National Petroleum Company
coalitions, 229, 233–234, 236, 241, 256–258, 267
coercion, 12, 28, 59, 70, 77, 167, 194, 285
co-evolution, xv, 16–17, 124, 141, 222
cognitive limitations, 63, 280, 287
cognitive uncertainty, 63–66
Cold War, xi, 44, 229, 234–236, 238, 240–241, 243, 276, 280
security environment, 231–232
collective actors, 36, 121, 122, 293
colonies, 60, 72, 77, 232
competence, 63, 151, 172, 192
competition, 130–131, 140, 174, 218, 220, 242, 272, 295
competitiveness, 27, 127, 219
competitors, 130, 167, 212, 218, 219, 222
complexity, 49–50, 62–64, 65, 93–96, 98, 233, 276, 278–279, 294
and power, 16–25
theory, 17, 24
complication, 23, 49
compulsion, xiii, 212, 223
conceptualization, 16, 34, 48, 167, 253, 282
conditionality, 79–80, 93
consensus, 27, 101, 142, 231, 236, 238, 243, 261
consequences
unanticipated, 17, 24, 80, 87–88, 168, 273
unintended, 126, 169, 173
unpredictable, 168, 177, 185
consumers, 148, 153, 165, 224, 261, 272, 281
context
and experience, 269–274
uncertain, xii, 14, 31, 38, 126, 129, 177, 254, 270–271
underlying, 10, 13, 33, 81, 88, 94–96, 104, 189, 248
contingency, 38, 42, 287–288, 292
contract structures, 155, 159, 161
contracts, 66, 138, 149, 156, 162, 175–176, 181, 277, 281
debt, 181, 185, 187
derivative, 173, 176
standardized, 171, 178, 185
control
incomplete, see incomplete control
instruments of, 133, 172, 180
mechanisms of, 53, 279, 284, 286
control efforts, 121, 173, 195, 198, 201
control power, 14–19, 76–80, 108–112, 120–124, 132–139, 148–150, 239–241, 243–248, 260–268
ambit of, 248, 259–260
diffusion of, xiii, 5, 29, 31, 34, 39
exercise of, xv, 36, 61, 105, 155, 172, 181, 258
and Hollywood, 211–218
practices, 94–95, 150
and protean power, 3–26
resources, 230, 233, 240, 272
controlled experiments, 20, 53, 124, 219
conventional arms trade, 240–243
conventional arms transfers, 240
conventional weapons, 229, 235, 240–242
cooperation, 46, 83, 193, 221, 261
core, xv, xvi, 40, 42–43, 71, 73, 75, 89, 94
corporations, 39, 247, 275
large, 137–138, 249, 273
Costa Rica, 258, 260
costs, 4, 43–44, 118, 135, 136, 147, 162, 212, 221
Council of Europe, 80, 83–84, 86, 98
counterparties, 168, 174–176
central, 173, 176
counterparty risks, 174–175
counterterrorism, 56, 190, 193, 204, 271, 273
agility and improvisation, 204–207
creative practices, 25, 94, 278
creative solutions, 127, 161–162
creativity, 4, 23, 38, 47, 49–51, 142–143, 150, 186, 188
credit, 168, 175, 178, 281
credit rating agencies, 175, 281
creditors, 184–185
Crimea, xiv, 164, 273
criminal bosses, 105, 111, 119, 122
criminal groups, 104, 113, 115
criminal organizations, 35, 117
criminal territory bosses, 114, 116, 119, 122
criminals, 79, 107, 113–115
crises, xii–xiii, 12–13, 14, 38, 48, 166, 174–175, 177, 186
financial, xv, 3, 49–50, 137, 142–143, 176, 179, 293, 297
gas, 155–156, 157
CRISPR, 125–127
cryptocurrencies, see also bitcoin
culture, 56, 65, 92, 171, 210–212, 218, 222–223
American, 213, 222, 225
global, 225
popular, xvi, 300
currencies, 132–134, 136–138, 140–141, 142, 181, 272see also bitcoin
electronic, 134, 139, 276
national, 140, 180
cyberspace, 201, 205–206
Dahl, Robert, 7–10, 20, 34, 282, 294–295
Dallas, Mark, 50
Davidson, Adam, 140
dealers, primary, 180, 270
debt, 5, 116, 182–184, 185, 249
contracts, 181, 185, 187
sovereign, 168, 180–181, 183, 184–185, 186, 270, 277
debt-for-nature swaps, 249–250, 255
decentralization, 21, 22, 190, 195, 198, 202, 211
decision-making, 12, 14, 32, 41, 49, 248
decolonization, 61, 67, 73, 75
post-1945, 60, 71–72, 77
deep-seated uncertainties, 6, 39, 125
definitional improvisation, 237–240
deforestation, 246, 249–250, 253, 256–257, 260
Deleuze, Gilles, 283, 289–290
democracy, 65, 91, 141, 191
derivative contracts, 173, 176
derivatives, 173–175, 177–179, 186
markets, 174, 176, 178, 180, 186, 270
OTC, 173–174, 176–179, 186
deterrence, nuclear, 42–43, 44, 46
developing countries, 249, 251, 257, 260
development, 126–127, 136, 141, 171, 174, 178–179, 215, 245–246, 267–268
diffusion of power, 3–4, 51, 53, 79–80, 86–87, 93, 95, 284, 286
control, xiii, 5, 29, 31, 34, 39
diplomatic innovation, 229, 231, 232–233, 234
diplomatic strategies, innovative, 229, 234, 236, 243
direction, 9, 10, 25, 29, 36, 120, 164, 210, 223
disciplinary power, 285–286, 289
discretion, 112
disrupted ecosystems, 126
distribution, 67, 69, 210, 212, 214, 216–217, 218, 278, 279
DNA editing, 125–127
domestic sphere, 84, 89, 91–93, 95
dominance, 194, 213–215, 219
domination, 28, 169, 215, 233, 274, 292
Duvall, Raymond, 61
economics, xvi, 12, 41, 47–48, 218
ecosystems, disrupted, 126
effectiveness, 152, 195, 199, 204, 282, 296
efficacy, 20, 23, 86, 125, 213, 293
El Salvador, 51, 113–114
electronic currencies, 134, 139, 276
elites, 52, 70, 77, 91, 180, 286
Elliott Associates, 183, 184
emissions, 249, 252, 254, 256, 260
reductions, 250, 251, 252, 256, 260, 261
empires, 60–61, 71–74, 77, 163
institution of, 32, 60, 71–73, 269
legitimacy, 72–73, 77
multiple, 60, 72
empowerment, 117, 119–120, 122, 141, 287
enemies, xi, 36, 189, 191, 195–196, 203, 208
energy
markets, 152, 159, 164, 275 see also gas; hydrocarbons; oil
security, 152–153
enforcement, 100, 106, 110–111, 271
border, 107, 109, 111, 115
environment, 14, 130, 131, 151, 167, 169–170, 173, 219, 221
environmental NGOs, 246–247, 249–250, 253–254, 255, 258–259, 261–263
episteme, 170–173, 178, 186, 268
episteme-type knowledge, 170, 172, 178, 186
euphoria of the moment, 51
European Markets Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR), 176, 179
European Union (EU), xiii, 77, 80, 163, 176
evasion, 102, 105, 120, 286
expectations, rational, 30, 49
experience
actor, 6, 10, 13–15, 29, 33, 88, 94, 126, 270
and context, 269–274
lived, 103, 111, 122
experiential knowledge, 171, 173, 177
experiments, controlled, 20, 53, 124, 219
expertise, 126, 246, 250, 253, 255, 260, 262, 280, 285
explication, xii, 9, 20, 36, 268
exports, 159, 242, 244
Facebook, 130, 200, 202, 203, 206, 207
families, 114, 116, 117, 285
family members, 104, 113, 116, 196
fear, 30, 32, 155, 190, 195, 200, 202, 205, 208
Federal Reserve, 133, 138, 140
fees, 114, 136, 153, 180
fictions, 102, 189, 223, 293–294
legal, 178, 181–182, 277, 293
film industry, xv–xvi, 35, 37
control power and Hollywood, 211–218
global, 209–225, 278
and protean power, 219–223
film producers, 219, 221, 275, 277
films, xvi, 209–211, 212–221, 222–224, 269, 272, 275, 278–279, 280–281
Hollywood, 216, 219, 222
finance, xv, 28, 30, 132, 138, 216, 275
circulation of power, 166–187
OTC derivatives, 173–179, 186
sovereign debt, 168, 180–185, 186, 270, 277
systems of knowledge, 169–173
financial actors, 132, 169, 171–172, 179, 186
financial assets, 138, 166, 172–173
financial crisis, xv, 3, 49–50, 137, 142–143, 176, 179, 293, 297
financial institutions, 132, 142, 169, 176, 275
financial markets, 30, 166–169, 171–173, 174, 177–179, 181, 187, 282, 293
financial sector, 26, 139, 166, 168–169, 177
financial systems, 134, 142, 176
financialization, 168, 185
fluidity, xvi, 4, 22, 34, 128, 209, 211, 219, 250
interactive, 15, 271
foreign producers, 214, 224–225, 275
forest carbon, 254, 258, 260
forest degradation, 250, 256, 260
forestry, 246, 252
forests, 246, 249, 253, 257, 260, 270
Foucault, Michel, 8, 34, 36, 54, 283–285, 286, 289
fragmentation, 115, 200, 232
imperial, 71
France, 140, 157, 167, 203, 214, 237
freedom, xi, 19, 31, 35, 117, 165, 262, 286, 292
Friedman, Milton, 133
fundamental human rights, 75–76, 83
futility, 14, 33, 142, 192, 201, 271
gangs, 30, 114–115
gas, 147–148, 152, 153, 154, 155–161, 162, 164–165, 274 see also hydrocarbons
crises, 155–156, 157
Eurasian borderlands, 163–164
liquefied, 148, 159
markets, 154, 165, 276
prices, 156, 162
Sino-Russian rapprochement, 161–163
Gazprom, 155–157, 159–161, 162
Genco, Stephen J., 19
gender, 67, 79, 82, 85, 93
gene editing, 125–126
general individual rights, 65–67, 75, 77
generative effects, 11, 248, 262
geopolitics, 95, 157–158
Germany, 27, 81, 203, 213–214, 237
global audiences, 209, 216, 217, 225, 272
global culture, 225
global film industry, 209–225, 278
global markets, 130, 131, 178–179, 211, 216, 218, 222, 275, 277
globalization, 222, 299
goals, 80, 103, 110, 188–189, 198, 255, 262–263, 270
Goebbels, Josef, 211, 213
governance, 169, 173, 178, 261, 297
governmentality, 285
governments, xiv–xv, 132–134, 137, 139, 147–148, 152, 182–183, 213–214, 270–271
grasslands, 246, 249–250
Greenspan, Alan, 174
groups
criminal, 104, 113, 115
jihadi, 196, 197–198, 208
terrorist, 33, 188–191, 192, 193–195, 204–206, 207–208, 274, 281
Hayek, Friedrich, 21–23, 36, 133, 296
Hayward, Clarissa, 8–9, 38, 282
hierarchies, xiii, 77, 199, 247, 290
systemic, 73
high-tech, 56, 124–143, 274
Hironaka, Ann, 52
history, 4, 28, 39, 40, 51, 212, 218, 269, 271
Hobbes, Thomas, xi, xv–xvi, 53–54, 267, 283–285, 287–288, 292, 296
Hollywood, 37, 209, 212–216, 218–219, 221–223, 225, 275, 281
Hollywood, and control power, 211–218
Hollywood films, 216, 219, 222
hometown smugglers, 100, 113
homosexuality, 81, 85
Hondurans, 117, 119
human rights, 66, 74–75, 80, 84, 91, 98, 275
fundamental, 75–76, 83
norms, 74–75, 91
regime, 60, 82–83
Human Rights Watch (HRW), 238
human security, 101, 191, 229–230, 236
humanitarian arms control, 229, 234, 237–238, 244
hydraulic fracturing, 158, 161
hydrocarbons, 37, 39, 56, 269, 273, 274–277, 280–281
and circulation of power, 147–165
firms and states, 149–152
markets, 147, 149, 150, 152, 155, 160, 164, 168, 273, 277
prices, 153–155
supply and transit, 152–153
identity, 8, 25, 37, 64, 113, 205, 274
national, 84, 89, 203, 222, 262
ideology, 21, 189, 205
imagination, 37, 43, 47, 200, 283, 287, 289, 293, 300
and power, 292–297
imperial legitimacy, 73
imperial powers, 60, 72
impotentialities, 290–292
improvisation, xiii–xiv, 23–26, 33–35, 36–38, 80–81, 87–93, 104–105, 269–271, 273
definitional, 237–240
NGO, 247, 261
tactical, 201–204
incalculable uncertainties, 10, 139, 166, 171
incentives, 43, 67, 84, 111, 127, 135, 160, 174, 272
incomplete control, 166–187
incorporation, 150, 246, 248, 259, 262
independence, 73, 194, 279, 289
independent post-colonial states, 74–75, 76
indeterminacy, 64–65, 66–67, 75, 85, 86, 95, 288–289, 291, 293
meaning, 54, 65, 67–68, 70, 182, 268–269, 277
norm, 73, 75, 86
India, 74, 215, 219, 297
indigenous peoples, 66, 249, 252
individual rights, 32, 59, 66, 277
general, 65–67, 75, 77
inflation, 80, 84, 137
INGOs, see international non-governmental organizations
innovation, 13–15, 23–26, 33–34, 36–38, 75–78, 80–82, 130–133, 157–159, 223–229
diplomatic, 229, 231, 232–233, 234
technological, 35, 37–38, 130, 204
innovative actors, 65, 76, 81, 132, 187
innovative diplomatic strategies, 229, 234, 236, 243
innovative practices, 35, 37, 76, 80, 96, 98, 167, 169, 171
innovators, 62, 125, 128, 130–131, 142, 171
instability, xiii, 177, 218
of mixed worlds, 69–70
institutional complexes, 54, 61, 63, 67–69
institutional environments, 67–68, 76, 147
institutional power, 61–62, 212
institutional settings, and social settings, 278–281
institutions, xiii, 22, 40, 67–68, 86–87, 88–89, 114, 212, 278–281
financial, 132, 142, 169, 176, 275
instruments of control, 133, 172, 180
intellectual property rights, 127, 214, 272
intelligence agencies, 205–206
intentionality, 76, 150
intentions, 29, 76, 84, 222
intergovernmental negotiations, 250, 254, 270
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), 234–237, 238, 241
international law, 73, 192–193, 236, 239, 289–290
international markets, 180–181, 184, 217, 219, 223
international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), 87, 94, 97–98, 249, 271
international order, 188, 208, 297
international organizations, xv, 76, 250, 257–258
international political economy, 48, 150, 279
international relations, 6, 8, 14, 29, 39, 163–164, 283–286, 294, 298
exclusive focus on risk and control, 41
limits of theory, 27–56
international security, 230, 233, 236
environment, 231, 234, 236, 243, 245
International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA), 175, 186
international system, 69, 188, 193, 208, 289
internet, 139, 201, 215
interpretation, 44, 64, 68, 70, 80, 142, 182–183, 187, 253
intuition, 24, 30, 125, 151, 165, 171, 272, 277
invention, 42, 121, 127, 143, 272, 282, 285
investments, 47, 162, 217
investors, 27, 130, 139, 141, 167, 224
Iraq, 208, 241, 275, 281
irreducible uncertainty, 40, 168, 179
ISDA, 175, 186, see International Swaps and Derivatives Association
ISIS, 188, 194, 196, 199–200, 202–204, 205–206, 207, 275, 281
Islam, 189–190, 195, 196, 198–200
Islamic State, see ISIS
Japan, 152, 241, 257, 297
jihad, 29, 196, 202
jihadi groups, 196, 197–198, 208
jihadis, 189–190, 196–200, 205–206
Keynes, John Maynard, 47–48
kidnappers, 113, 116–117, 119
kidnappings, 103, 113, 116, 193
Knight, Frank, xv, 47–48
Knightian uncertainty, xv, 167, 181
knowledge, 21–22, 31–32, 39–40, 62, 169–171, 177–178, 253, 277, 285
episteme-type, 170, 172, 178, 186
experiential, 171, 173, 177
frontiers, 56, 124–125, 142, 275
local, 17, 88, 177
systems in finance, 169–180
techne-type, 170–173, 186
Kyoto Protocol, 247, 250–254, 263, 270
landmines, see anti-personnel landmines
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 18
leadership, 174, 236, 280, 298
Lebanon, 74, 238
legal fictions, 178, 181–182, 277, 293
legitimacy, xiii, 65, 69–70, 71–73, 76–77, 85, 190–192, 194, 205
crisis of, 70, 72
empires, 72–73, 77
politics of, 65, 70
legitimate power, 59, 67
legitimation, 52, 70, 221
leverage, 114, 160, 187, 190, 248, 256
LGBT
activism, 81, 87, 90, 93, 97
European rights regime, 81–83
movements, 28, 84–85, 90, 91
norms, 35, 81, 83–84, 85, 87, 91, 94–95, 97–98
people, 79, 83–86, 87–88, 90, 95–96, 97
rights, 32, 39, 67, 271, 275
revolution, 79–99
Liberia, 209
liberty, 33, 116, 300
limitations, cognitive, 63, 280, 287
liquidity, 153, 176, 178–180
lived experience, 103, 122
US–Mexico border today, 111–119
local audiences, 89, 93, 95, 223
local knowledge, 17, 88, 177
lone-wolf attacks, 200–201, 202–203
lone wolves, 190, 197, 203
luck, 40, 44, 278
Lukes, Steven, 7–8, 34, 282, 292
Machiavelli, Niccolò, xv, 4, 54, 151, 283, 284, 287–289
manifestations of protean power, xii, 38, 124, 201
Marglin, Stephen, 167, 170–172, 186
market actors, 17, 173–174, 176, 178
market control, 185, 216, 224
market conventions, 167, 172, 216
market mechanisms, 250, 252
market players, 15, 167, 172, 177, 180–181
markets, 147–150, 154–155, 164–168, 172–174, 177–179, 181–183, 184–187, 214–216, 220
derivatives, 174, 176, 178, 180, 186, 270
energy, 152, 159, 164, 275
financial, 30, 166–169, 171–173, 174, 177–179, 181, 187, 282, 293
gas, 154, 165, 276
global, 130, 131, 178–179, 211, 216, 218, 222, 275, 277
hydrocarbons, 147, 149, 150, 152, 155, 160, 164, 168, 273, 277
international, 180–181, 184, 217, 219, 223
secondary, 181, 184, 215
sovereign debt, 37, 168, 180, 184, 185, 186, 277
voluntary, 247, 254–256, 258–263, 270
martyrdom, 190, 196–197, 201
material capabilities, xv, 231, 284
meaning indeterminacies, 54, 65, 67–68, 70, 182, 268–269, 277
mechanisms of control, 53, 279, 284, 286
media, social, 51, 190, 200–201, 203–204, 205, 215, 275
Mexico, 100–123, 274
migrants, 30–31, 35, 36, 97, 100–105, 109, 110–120, 122–123, 273–274
and smugglers, 104–105, 114, 121, 280
unauthorized, 101, 121, 122
migration, 36, 39, 120, 122, 273–274, 277, 279, 280, 281
military capabilities, 27, 230, 239
miners, 135, 140
minorities, sexual, 82, 89
mixed worlds, instability, 69–70
mobile-minutes, 140
mobility, xvi, 25, 100, 113, 119
mobilization, xv, 51, 65–66, 70, 76, 82, 196, 233, 237
models, risk, 18, 30, 171–172, 178, 270, 282
modes of operation, 10, 81
money, 30, 113, 116, 133, 135, 139, 140, 153
moral beings, 66, 76
qualified, 67
morality, 119, 120, 192
motivation, 16, 114, 120, 207
movement actors, 89, 97
movie industry, see film industry
movies, see films
multiple empires, 60, 72
Muslims, 196, 200, 202–203
Naftogaz, 155–157
national borders, 90, 147, 214–215
national currencies, 140, 180
national identity, 84, 89, 203, 222, 262
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 128
natural gas, see gas
negotiations, 153, 156, 230, 234, 237, 239, 243–244, 246, 250–253
intergovernmental, 250, 254, 270
neopositivism, 20
nesting of protean power, 259, 262
networks, 22–23, 37, 131, 138, 161, 176, 210
financial, 134
transnational, 80, 89, 93
transnational advocacy, 65, 78, 96, 252, 276
New Zealand, 209
NGOs, 36–37, 230–231, 233–234, 238–239, 242, 243–247, 249–250, 253–256, 270 see also INGOs
environmental, 246–247, 249–250, 253–254, 255, 258–259, 261–263
Nigeria, 220–221
Nollywood, 37, 220, 221
non-state actors, xiii, 3, 28, 31, 97, 229, 231, 235, 242–243
non-state actors, armed, 188, 194
Nord Stream pipeline, 157
norm indeterminacy, 73, 75, 86
Norway, 257–258
nuclear deterrence, 42–43, 44, 46
nuclear war, 42, 231–232
nuclear weapons, 27, 42, 231, 244
Obama, President Barack, 4, 86, 96–97, 298–299
offsets, carbon, 247, 248, 250, 252, 253, 255
oil, 90, 147–148, 152–154, 158–159, 162, 164–165, 274–276 see also hydrocarbons
prices, 5, 148, 154, 159, 163–164, 277
one-size-fits-all approaches, 23, 214
open economy politics, 48, 50
open systems, 17–18, 19–21, 53, 70, 168, 188
openness, 53, 70, 130, 152
operational uncertainty, 41, 62, 64, 80, 82–83, 87–88, 190, 200–201, 248
and radical uncertainty, 276–278
translation during, 87–91
opposition, 90, 93, 97, 98, 106, 237, 239, 241, 244–245
Ostrom, Elinor, 21, 22–23
Ottawa Treaty, 229–230, 234–236, 237, 240, 242, 243–244, 280
outcomes, unexpected, xiii, 14
over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, 173–179, 186
Pakistan, 74, 209, 221
pari passu clauses, 182–184, 186, 277
Parsons, Talcott, 133
partnership, 87, 162, 231, 242
patents, 127, 131, 138
Paypal, 134, 137
peace, 45, 90, 267
periphery, 73, 82–83, 122, 134, 232
Peru, 130, 183–184
pervasive uncertainty, 14–15, 208
pipelines, 15, 147–148, 153–155, 160–162, 165, 273
Poland, 35, 89–90, 91, 262
policing, 101, 102–105, 115, 120, 122
policymakers, 24, 103, 151, 155, 157, 164
policy tools, 25, 232, 241, 249
Polish activists, 37, 89, 91, 96
political actors, 4, 26, 40, 47, 276, 278
political economy, 47–50, 52, 149
political life, 10, 21, 37, 52, 69, 225, 285
political orders, 59, 76, 285
political processes, 7, 21, 279
political rights, civil and, 37, 66, 74
political theory, 267, 283, 292
control and protean power in, 282–283
and power complexities, 267–301
politics, 49–51, 270–271, 287, 289–290, 291–292, 294, 296, 298, 300
of carbon sinks, 246–263
of legitimacy, 65, 70
polycentric systems, 22–23
Popper, Karl, 19
post-1945 decolonization, 60, 71–72, 77
post-colonial states, 32, 60, 74–76
potentia, 11, 288
potential capacities, xiv, 4, 8, 283, 287, 291, 296
potentialities, 4–5, 8, 10, 50–51, 267, 282–283, 287–289, 290–294, 295
actualization of, 4–6, 53, 143, 282–283, 286, 287–289, 291, 295, 297
power
ambiguities, 103–105
analysis of, xii, 11, 53, 185, 267, 268, 288, 292
capabilities, 53, 65, 294, 296
circulation, see circulation of power
and complexity, 16–25
concept, 6–9
diffusion of, 3–4, 51, 53, 79–80, 86–87, 93, 95, 284, 286
disciplinary, 285–286, 289
institutional, 61–62, 212
legitimate, 59, 67
shifts, 46, 169, 209
soft, 3, 28
state, 83, 97, 101, 137, 177, 194
structural, 62, 150, 212, 215, 222, 224
power complexities and political theory, 267–301
power dynamics, 9, 11, 28–29, 39, 50–51, 52–53, 267–269, 270–271, 279–280
bitcoin, 137–140
of enforcement and evasion, 100–123
protean, 29, 31, 39, 43, 52, 273, 279–280, 281–282, 301
power potentialities, xiii, xv, 32, 34, 143, 180, 185, 282, 291
actualization, 4–5, 53, 143, 271, 286, 287–288, 291, 295, 297
power relations, xiv, 4, 28, 31, 34, 36, 170, 219
power types, 11, 15, 16, 33, 127, 224, 282
power wielders, 28, 94–96
power-generating effects, 168, 171, 173, 178, 270
power-generating practices, 167–169, 178
powerlessness, 9, 118
predation, 119–123
predictability, 18, 21, 129, 167, 180, 191, 207, 284–285
predictive accuracy, xii, 26, 56
prices
gas, 156, 162
hydrocarbons, 153–155
oil, 5, 148, 154, 159, 163–164, 277
primacy, 74, 193, 210–211, 215, 267, 297–298, 300
private actors, 33, 133, 206, 248, 256, 258–261, 263
private regulators, 247, 248, 250, 254–255, 258, 262–263
probabilities, 10, 13, 31, 44, 45–46, 47, 102, 189, 287
calculable, 16, 25, 52, 151
calculations, 4, 12–14, 34, 47, 127, 276
probability distribution, 42, 48, 279
producers, 159–160, 165, 211, 218, 219–220, 222, 224, 272
film, 219, 221, 275, 277
profitability, 125, 162, 167, 177, 179, 186
profits, 114, 127, 135, 142, 160, 173, 218, 244
propaganda, 204, 207
property, 19, 27, 67, 139, 192
property rights, 16, 21, 138
protean power
analysis, 6, 22, 43
circulation, xiv, 17, 21, 25, 29, 32, 34, 38–39, 51
and control power, 3–26
effects, xiv–xv, 11, 15, 174, 177, 230, 234, 238–240, 243–244
emergence, 22, 99, 248
and film industry, 219–223
limited case, 246, 263
manifestations of, xii, 38, 124, 201
nesting, 259, 262
practices, 93, 95–96, 97
and predation, 119–123
processes, xii, 298–299
and revolutions in rights, 59–78
transformative, 76
protection, 26, 75, 83, 85, 214, 235, 257
public authorities, 169, 172, 174, 177
public regulators, 174, 176, 177, 179
al-Qaeda, 188, 196, 199, 201–203, 206, 208
qualified moral beings, 67
quantum physics, 10, 293, 295
radical uncertainty, 61–63, 64–65, 67–68, 76–77, 80–82, 93–94, 232–235, 247–248, 276–279
and operational uncertainty, 276–278
and terrorism, 190–194
ransoms, 113, 116–117, 193
rational design approach, 22, 279
rational expectations, 30, 49
rationalist models, 13, 43, 52
rationality, 4, 12, 44, 287
realists, 3, 283, 284, 298
reasonableness, 12, 44
REDD, 246–263
refugees, xiv, 190
refusal, 23, 33–36, 77, 80–81, 83–86, 94–95, 133, 261, 273
and affirmation, xiii, 11, 80, 83–87
regulators, 158, 166, 172, 174–175, 178, 179, 256, 261, 263
private, 247, 248, 250, 254–255, 258, 262–263
public, 174, 176, 177, 179
religion, 30, 66–67, 92, 189–190, 195–196, 198
and production of uncertainty, 194
religious authority, 195, 198, 200
religious certainty, responses to, 198–200
resilience, 17, 26–27, 103, 195, 197, 288, 296–297, 299
resistance, 36, 82, 84, 88–89, 90, 95, 97, 120, 170
resources, 119, 129, 131, 151–152, 158–159, 204, 207, 232–233, 257–258
reversibility, 127, 268, 281–282
revolutions, 3, 36, 38, 51, 158, 200, 208, 287, 291
in rights, 59–78, 79, 185, 269
unconventional, 148, 158–159
rights, 59–60, 62–63, 66–68, 73, 75–77, 79–80, 84, 85, 96
civil and political, 37, 66, 74
human, 66, 74–75, 80, 84, 91, 98, 275
individual, see individual rights
LGBT, see LGBT, rights
property, 16, 21, 138
revolutions in, 59–78, 79, 185, 269
sexual, 80, 88, 91, 262
sexual minority, 82–83, 84, 86
social and economic, 66, 74–75
and universal sovereignty, 71–76
risk, 9–15, 24–27, 29–31, 32–34, 39–44, 45–50, 102–105, 172–175, 269–271
calculable, 3, 6, 10, 53, 60, 63, 69, 139, 147
calculations, 29, 130, 142, 215
models, 18, 30, 171–172, 178, 270, 282
systemic, 173, 176, 179
risk-based models, 12, 43, 248
risk-based world, 18, 38, 94
rules, systems of, 61, 69–70, 72, 78
Russia, 84, 86, 95–97, 156–157, 160–164, 237, 239, 243, 273
Sabel, Charles F., 248, 261
safety, 152, 158, 165, 192, 208
Sagan, Scott, 278–279
sanctions, 83, 163–164
Saudi Arabia, 75, 199–200, 202
Schelling, Thomas, 42, 47, 231
Schweller, Randall, 24
science, 3, 15, 18, 20, 24, 124–125, 129, 272, 274–276
scientists, xv, 25, 37, 125–126, 127–130, 247, 272–273
Scott, James, xv, 32, 36, 48, 51–52, 167, 170, 171
secondary markets, 181, 184, 215
security, 27, 28–29, 39, 55–56, 152, 153, 159–160, 191, 192
environment, 230, 231–233, 237, 240
human, 101, 191, 229–230, 236
international, 230, 233, 236
security environment
Cold War, 231–232
international, 231, 234, 236, 243, 245
post-Cold War, 232–234
security studies, 42–47, 48
self-determination, 32, 60, 74–76, 78
self-regulation, 172, 173, 175
sellers, 153–154, 176
sexual minorities, 82, 89
rights, 82–83, 84, 86
sexual orientation, 81, 83, 85, 93, 94
sexual rights, 80, 88, 91, 262
sexuality, 67, 80, 84, 90, 93
shale, 158, 161, 273
shocks, 4, 39, 84, 148, 161, 183, 191
Silicon Valley, 130, 141
simplifications, 23, 49, 294
sink projects, see carbon sinks
skeptical states, 230, 239–240, 244, 281
small arms, 237, 242
small states, 36, 231, 233, 235–236, 239, 243, 280
smugglers, 37, 100, 102–105, 107–109, 110–117, 118–119, 121–123, 274, 280
hometown, 100, 113
and migrants, 104–105, 114, 121, 280
smuggling, 102, 108, 110–111, 114, 122
social and economic rights, 66, 74–75
social boundaries, 8–9
social media, 51, 190, 200–201, 203–204, 205, 215, 275
social movements, 50–51
social orders, 22, 59, 67, 96, 282, 285
social power, 27–28
social relationships, 66, 101, 122
social settings, 268, 278
and institutional settings, 278–281
social world, 19, 294–295
societal actors, 95, 185–186, 190
society, 8, 23, 27, 56, 79, 82, 84, 297, 299–300
soft power, 3, 28
South Africa, 79, 98, 220
South Stream pipeline, 157, 160
sovereign bonds, 181–182, 277
sovereign debt, 168, 180–185, 186, 270, 277
contracts, 168, 180, 182, 184, 277
markets, 37, 168, 180, 184, 185, 186, 277
sovereigns, 69, 168, 180–181, 183, 185, 187, 270, 283–285, 287
sovereignty
local, 88
norms, 208
universal, 71–76
Soviet Union, see also Russia
spot prices, 148, 154, 159
stability, 104, 137, 167, 180, 191, 280
stable systems, 69–70, 210
standardization, 178, 212
standardized contracts, 171, 178, 185
start-ups, 62, 129–131, 136, 142, 272
state actors, 36, 94, 97, 122, 179, 269
state agents, 104, 205, 274, 281
state power, 83, 97, 101, 137, 177, 194
status quo, 7, 48, 248, 262
strategies, 37–38, 97, 98, 216, 229–230, 237–238, 241–243, 270, 298
structural advantage, 193, 212, 222
structural power, 62, 150, 212, 215, 222, 224
suicide bombers, 201
suicide bombings, 190, 197, 200–201
superpowers, 45, 60, 231–232, 240–241, 280
anti-imperial, 71
suppliers, 148, 155, 159–160, 165
supply, 21, 148, 149, 152–155, 159, 161, 252, 277
surprises, xi–xii, 3, 13, 37, 80, 130, 247
swaps, debt-for-nature, 249–250, 255
Sweden, 235, 238
Syria, 194, 208, 240, 243, 275
systemic hierarchies, 73
systemic risk, 173, 176, 179
systemic uncertainty, 149, 161, 277
systems
closed, 6, 17, 19–20, 53, 167, 268
financial, 134, 142, 176
of knowledge, 169–173
open, 17–18, 19–21, 53, 70, 168, 188
of rule, 61, 69–70, 72, 78
stable, 69–70, 210
tactical improvisation, 201–204
techne, 170–173, 177–178, 268
techne-type knowledge, 170–173, 186
technological change, 124, 149, 158
technological innovations, 35, 37–38, 130, 204
technology, xvi, 125–126, 127, 130, 133, 136, 138, 141, 161–162
tensions, 21, 35, 141, 191, 194, 300–301
terrorism, 188–208, 271, 275
terrorist attacks, 199, 201, 203–204
terrorist groups, 33, 188–191, 192, 193–195, 204–206, 207–208, 274, 281
terrorist violence, 26, 46
terrorists, 46, 188–195, 197–198, 200–201, 205, 207–208, 271, 280
jihadi, 197–199
religion and certainty, 195–198
Texas, 107, 281
threats, 42, 80, 84, 184, 189, 191, 195, 231–233, 236
Toska, Silvana, 51–52
trade, 68, 173, 174, 234, 240
transcripts, hidden, 32, 36
transformative change, 80, 125
transformative protean power, 76
translation, 31–33, 88, 91, 95, 98, 256, 258, 259, 262
during operational uncertainty, 87–91
transnational advocacy networks, 65, 78, 96, 252, 276
transnational networks, 80, 89, 93
transparency, 137, 176, 222–223
narrative, 222
Trump, President Donald, 298–299
trust, 149, 155–156, 171, 281
Twitter, 200, 202, 203, 206, 207
Uganda, 86, 96–97, 220
Ukraine, xiv, 85, 91, 96, 148, 155–157, 163–164, 273
Ukrainians, 85–86, 163
Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich, 81–82, 88, 96
unanticipated consequences, 17, 24, 80, 87–88, 168, 273
unanticipated effects, 126, 128, 132
unauthorized migrants, 101, 121, 122
uncertain context, xii, 14, 31, 38, 126, 129, 177, 254, 270–271
uncertain world, 14–15, 36, 38, 55, 97–99
uncertainty, 9–19, 23–27, 29–31, 38–53, 61–64, 127–131, 165–169, 186–190, 271–282
cognitive, 63–66
fundamental, 23, 181, 195, 215
incalculable, 10, 139, 166, 171
irreducible, 40, 168, 179
Knightian, xv, 167, 181
operational, see operational uncertainty
pervasive, 14–15, 208
and protean power, 31, 32, 50, 69, 70
radical, see radical uncertainty
systemic, 149, 161, 277
and terrorists, 188–208
underlying, xiii, 21, 127, 157, 187, 211, 280
unconventional revolution, 148, 158–159
underlying context, 10, 13, 33, 81, 88, 94–96, 104, 189, 248
unexpected change, 3–4, 9, 11, 52, 97
unexpected outcomes, xiii, 14
unintended consequences, 126, 169, 173
United Kingdom, 82, 193
United States, 65, 72, 108–109, 115–116, 158–159, 174–176, 236–239, 241–243
and America, 267, 297–301
Border Patrol, 108–110, 112, 114, 115
universal sovereignty, and rights, 71–76
unknowable unknowns, 63, 64, 125
unknown unknowns, xiii, 30, 38, 41, 62, 124, 248, 271, 276
unknowns, 39, 41, 62, 64, 70, 128–129, 276, 280, 288
unknowable, 63, 64, 125
unknown, xiii, 30, 38, 41, 62, 124, 248, 271, 276
unpredictability, xi, 17, 218, 223, 272, 277, 284, 296–297, 298
at technological frontier, 124–143
unpredictable consequences, 168, 177, 185
US–Mexico border, 100–123
utility, 14, 47, 230, 269
venture capital, 138–139
Victor, David G., 248, 261
violence, 101–103, 115, 118, 120, 191, 194, 200, 207, 291
terrorist, 26, 46
virtual currencies, 133
visas, 85, 107, 134, 137
visibility, 89, 121, 204
volatility, 293, 298
voluntary market, 247, 254–256, 258–263, 270
volunteers, 196–197, 202
vulnerability, 103, 231
vulture funds, 181–182, 183, 185, 187
Wall Street, 12, 137, 141, 174
war
bargaining model, 43–47, 50
civil, xiv, 51, 118
nuclear, 42, 231–232
water, 147, 158, 161, 237
weak, weapons of the, 36, 105, 120
weaknesses, 53, 193, 197, 207
weapons, xv, 229, 235, 239–241, 245
conventional, 229, 235, 240–242
nuclear, 27, 42, 231, 244
of the weak, 36, 105, 120
Weber, Max, 42
Wellywood, 209
Weyland, Kurt, 38, 51
women, 47, 66, 113
Wood, Elisabeth, 51
World Bank, 174, 184, 257
worldviews, 44–45, 102, 294
Yellen, Janet, 139
Yemen, 194, 199, 208, 240
YouTube, 199, 203–205, 206

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  • Index
  • Edited by Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University, New York, Lucia A. Seybert, American University, Washington DC
  • Book: Protean Power
  • Online publication: 28 December 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108597456.016
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  • Index
  • Edited by Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University, New York, Lucia A. Seybert, American University, Washington DC
  • Book: Protean Power
  • Online publication: 28 December 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108597456.016
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  • Index
  • Edited by Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University, New York, Lucia A. Seybert, American University, Washington DC
  • Book: Protean Power
  • Online publication: 28 December 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108597456.016
Available formats
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