The types of the new species described in the following pages are in the British Museum (Natural History).

Seeing that Glossina morsitans, the typical “tsetse” fly of writers on South Africa, has been well known for perhaps a longer period than any other member of the genus, it is a matter for great surprise that much of its life history is yet entirely unknown. A large mass of literature, dealing with its general habits, is extant, but the breeding habits and the larva have not been described. It is noteworthy that only last year a single specimen of the puparium was discovered for the first time, and when the wide distribution, the great plentitude, and the economic importance of the fly are considered, this becomes all the more remarkable.

The necessity for graphic representation of the distribution of insects and the diseases which are transmitted by them is now so evident as to need no special demonstration. But it is further obviously important that some uniform method should be adopted in the preparation of such maps, in order to make them intercomparable, and the object of the present notes is to suggest a comprehensive system of notation for the whole genus Glossina—a system which may be readily adapted for use in other genera or families of blood-sucking insects.

The following report on recent entomological investigations in Northern Nigeria is based on a short tour made by the writer, from the 11th of August, 1910, to the 21st of January, 1911. But incorporated with my own observations are numerous records made by several medical officers and other officials in the Protectorate. The present work deals exclusively with the blood-sucking insects and other arthropods which are, or may be, implicated in the transmission of disease in West Africa, and is therefore an extension of my previous report on the same subject in relation to the Gambia.

The first puparium of Glossina morsitans found in nature, as mentioned in Mr. E. E. Austen's recently published “Handbook of the Tsetse-Flies,” was taken in November, 1910, from the collection of mould and humus between the roots of a large tree (Ficus sp.) near the Gorai river below the Escarpment in the Lomagundi District, Southern Rhodesia. The tree is situated about 60 to 70 yards from the actual bank of the river, as it runs at present. It is in reality growing on what was the old bank of the river, which is changing its bed gradually owing to the soft nature of the ground through which it flows. At the time of the visit “fly” was abundant in the shade of the trees bordering the river, the sandy bed of which then contained no water on the surface, the nearest open water being twelve to fifteen miles away in the Hunyani river. It was thought at the time that this was the only pupa-case secured, and a search all along the river bank produced no others. A number of empty pupa-cases of other Diptera and Lepidoptera were, however, placed in a corked phial and labelled, and on going over these later in the laboratory, the anal end of a second tsetse pupa-case was found amongst them, showing the characteristic protuberances. This spot was again visited in April, 1911, and under the same tree five more empty puparia were found, but, as before, the most diligent search elsewhere failed to produce any more. A photograph of the tree taken in November is reproduced (Pl. XVII, fig. 2).

Reflexed margin of pronotum very narrow. Scutellum transversely oblong, produced into a small point in the centre of the hind margin. Elytra transverse, widest towards the suture. Tibia with a pseudo-joint at about four-fifths.