Six transformation techniques ((i) incubation of cercariae in isotonic; medium; (ii) penetration of isolated skin; (iii) stimulation with crude egg lecithin; (iy) mechanical disruption by passage through a syringe and 21 gauge needle; (v) by whorling of cercariae with a vortex mixer; (vi) syringe transformation followed by incubation) were evaluated. The organisms produced were assessed for infectivity for mice by 6 different routes of infection (percutaneous, intradermal, subcutaneous, intra-peritoneal, intravenous and intramuscular). At perfusion the largest numbers of adult worms were recovered from mice injected intramuscularly with organisms produced by the syringe technique and control mice given cercariae percutaneously. The peak for migration of schistosomula (following syringe transformation and intramuscular injection) through the lungs and the appearance of adult worms in the mesenteries was shown to be similar to cercariae administered percutaneously.

Five desert sheep were exposed to 5000 or 10000 Schistosoma bovis cercariae each, and the parasitological, clinical and pathological parameters were recorded. The pre-patent period was approximately 7 weeks and from that time onwards, the animals became progressively ill and emaciated. Following necropsy at the 12th week, a percentage schistosome recovery ranging from 36%—63.6% was found, and there were high egg densities in the intestinal tract and the liver. These organs revealed severe pathological lesions which were described in detail along with the changes occurring in other tissues.

F151 was a potent filaricide against adult Brugia pahangi in cats and jirds.

HOE 33258 did not kill adult worms in cats but had a marginal effect on adult worms in the peritoneal cavity of jirds. It was not immediately microfilaricidal in cats but the microfilarial counts of treated cats fell within a few weeks of treatment.

The reaction product, or mixture, of these two compounds (V5851 = E) was strongly macrofilaricidal m cats and jirds.

The intrauterine development of Brugia pahangi embryos was followed from after fertilization to birth, using light and electron microscopy. The origin and development of the sheath of the microfilaria and its Possible role in the nutrition of the developing embryo were particularly investigated. Comparisons were drawn with the intrauterine development of other filarial species. The egg shell of the B. pahangi embryo js distinct from the oolemma and forms the sheath of the microfilaria. It is suggested that the electron dense material released by cells of the uterine wall and passing along the channels between the egg shells of adjacent embryos is nutritive. The death of large numbers of developing embryos in the central uterine Jumen is probably caused by overcrowding as their size rapidly increases, leading to nutritional deficiency.

The haemoglobins of six different species of trematodes: Gastrothylax crumenifer, Srivastavaia indica, Gigantocotyle explanatum, Fasciolopsis buski, Gastrodiscoides hominis Isoparorchis hypselobagri and their three different hosts: Bubalus bubalis, Sus scrofa, and Wallago attu were spectrophotometrically investigated, and were found to contain porphyrin IX as the common prosthetic group. Oxyhaemoglobin, carbonmonoxy-haemoglobin and reduced haemoglobin of all 6 species of trematodes and their 3 hosts under study gave similar absorption maxima. Distinct differences were, however, observed in the nature of the spectral curves of cyanmethaemoglobin which exhibit 2 absorption maxima in the β and the α region in the case of al trematodes whereas in the case of similar host haemoglobin derivatives only one single broad peak in the 536–540 nm region was obtained. With respect to pyridine derivatives all the trematode haemoglobins show a sharp peak in the α region and a minor hump in the β region except Gastrothylax crumenifer. All three host pyridine haemoglobin derivatives show only a single broad peak at 570 nm.

In order to make a valid assessment of the extent to which British dogs are infected with helminth parasites, it is necessary to collect and collate information from a wide spectrum of the constituent groups that make up the total canine population of the United Kingdom. The purpose of the present contribution is to report for the first time on the prevalence of patent infection with gastro-intestinal nematodes in élite show dogs.

A total of 574 freshly deposited faecal samples were collected from “exercising areas” at a large dog show exhibiting more than 9 800 high quality animals of many breeds from all areas of the United Kingdom. A sugar flotation, centrifugation technique was used to detect the presence of nematode ova, which were found in 12·2% of the dogs sampled. There was evidence of infection with the following parasites: Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis and Uncinaria stenocephala. The overall prevalence rates for each Were 7·3%, 2·8%, 1·9% and 0·9%, respectively. Data on the age and sex of the donor animals were available for 338 of the samples and the distribution of T. canis infections in elation to these factors is displayed in Table 1.

Leipernema leiperi n.g., n.sp. is described from the pangolin Manis pentadactyla in India. Both parasitic and free-living generations have been examined. Features which differentiate the parasite from Strongyloides and Parastrongyloides are described.

Infection with hydatid cysts of domestic animals slaughtered by private individuals and at the Government Central Slaughterhouse is recorded. Both fertile and non-fertile cysts were seen in the infected animals. The home slaughtered sheep seems to play an important role in the dissemination of the parasite and the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in the State of Kuwait is assumed to be sheep—dog—sheep.

The genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896 is reviewed and its prevalence in some Egyptian bats is reported. Lecithodendrium aegyptiacus n.sp. is described from Asellia tridens tridens and Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops. It can be easily differentiated from other species of the genus by the lobulation of the ovary and testes and the presence of tegumental spines all over the body of the trematode. Lecithodendrium duboisi n.sp. is described from Taphozous nudiventris nudiventris. It differs from the other known species of the genus by the characteristic arrangement of the vitellaria in the form of a continuous band posterior to the testes, while in the other species of the genus the vitellaria occur in the form of two separate clusters of posttesticular vitelline follicles.

Onchocerca raillieti sp. n. (Filarioidea), from the domestic donkey (Equus asinus) in Africa, is described. The species is compared to O. bohmi (Supperer, 1953) n.comb, O. reticulata Diesing, 1841, O. cervicalis Railliet et Henry, 1910, O. flexuosa (Wed), 1856) and O. armillata Railliet et Henry, 1909 and can be differentiated by numerous characters of which the most important are the anterior region of the female (which is straight and slender, 6 to 8 cm long, and bears longitudinal striae) and the 10 symmetrically arranged pairs of caudal papillae. O. raillieti seems to be a primitive species by several characters (caudal papillae, cervical papillae, oesophagus, vulva and cuticle.)