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Glaciological Literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2017

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Journal of Glaciology , Volume 2 , Issue 20 , 1956 , pp. 774 - 780
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Copyright © International Glaciological Society 1956

This selected list of glaciological literature has been prepared by J. W. Glen with the assistance of T. H. Ellison, W. B. Harland, Miss D. M. Johnson, G. T. Warwick and the Staff of the Scott Polar Research Institute. Its field is the scientific study of snow and ice and of their effects on the earth; for the literature on polar expeditions, and also on the “applied” aspects of glaciology, such as snow ploughs, readers should consult the bibliographies in each issue of the Polar Record. For Russian material the system of transliteration used is that agreed by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use in 1947.

Readers can greatly assist by sending reprints of their publications to the Society, or by informing Dr. Glen of publications of glaciological interest.

References

General Glaciology

Baird, P. D. Glaciological research in the Canadian Arctic. Arctic, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1955, p. 96–508. [Review of past and present work.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baird, P. D. Sharp, R. P. Glaciology. [Part 1]: a brief review of the recent history of the science, by P. D. Baird. [Part 2]: some aspects of glaciological research, by R. P. Sharp. Arctic, Vol. 7, Nos. 3–4,1954, p. 141–52– [Research needs. Reprinted in Special Publication No. 2 of the Arctic Institute of North America, p. 29–40.]Google Scholar
Finsterwalder, R. Kurs für Hochgebirgsforschung im Gepatschhaus, 8. bis 17.9.1953. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 113–14. [Description of course on high mountain studies, with short summary of lectures and demonstrations given, 5953.]Google Scholar
Hattersley-Smith, G., and others. Northern Ellesmere Island, 1953 and 1954, by G. Hattersley-Smith and other members of the expeditions. Arctic, Vol. 8, No. I, 1955, p. 3–36. [Leader’s account of 1953 and 1954 investigations by members of Defence Research Board of Canada and Canadian Geological Survey. Account of glaciological studies by G. Hattersley-Smith; of geophysical and oceanographic studies by A. P. Crary; of geological observations, 1954, by R. L. Christie.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinzl, H. Die wissenschaftliche Alpenvereinshefte. Jahrbuch des Österreichischen AlpenvereIns, Bd. 80, 1955, p. 158–60. [Contains list of scientific publications of German and Austrian Alpine associations.]Google Scholar
Kosack, H.-P. Die Antarktis: eine Länderkunde. Heidelberg, Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1955. 318 p. [General geographical study of Antarctica.]Google Scholar
Odell, N. E. So-called “glacier-worms” in New Zealand. Nature, Vol. 177, No. 4507, 1956, p. 534. [Specimens identified as species of Chironomidae, not Oligochaeta.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glaciological Instruments and Methods

Crary, A. P. Seismic soundings in polar ice. Geographical Review, Vol. 45, No. 3, 1955, p. 428–30. [Examination of seismic methods: comments on recent literature.]Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. Studies on small ice crystals. III. Some remarks on replica methods. Contributions from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, No. 8, 1955, p. 75–86. [Criticism of V. J. Schaefer’s use of “Formvar” solution for making replicas.]Google Scholar

Physics of Ice

Amako, Y. Electronic structure of water molecule. Scientific Reports of TShoku University, First Ser., Vol. 38, No. 1; 1954, p. 77–84. [Calculation of electronic structure to give ionization potential and dipole moment of the H2O molecule.]Google Scholar
Bigg, E. K. Ice-crystal counts and the freezing of water drops. Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 81, No. 349, 1955, p. 478–79. [Analysis of observations by Smith and Heffernan, ibid., Vol. 80, No. 344, 1954, p. 582–97, compared with author’s theory, ibid, Vol. 79, No. 342, 19.53, p. 510–19,]Google Scholar
Bowsen, F. P. Friction on snow and ice and the development of some fast-running skis. Nature, Vol. 176, No. 4490, 1955, p. 946–47. [Experiments on the influence of temperature on the friction on ice of various materials used for skis. Polytetrafluorethylene may be useful on skis, sledge runners, etc.]Google Scholar
Davis, G. E. Scattering of light by an air bubble in water. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 45, No. 7, 1955, p. 572–81. [Calculation of attenuation of light by scattering from bubbles.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourley, M. F. Crozier, W. D. Evaporation of submicroscopic ice crystals. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 23, No. 7, 1955, p. 1298–301. [Very small ice crystals evaporate more slowly than is predicted theoretically.]Google Scholar
Gränicher, H., and others. Dielektrische Eigenschaften des Eises bei sehr tiefen Frequenzen und der Einfluss eines Vorfeldes, von H. Gränicher, C. Jaccard, P. Scherrer und A. Steinemann [sic, i.e. S. Steinemann]. Helvetica Physica Acta, Vol. 28, Fasc. 4, 1955, p. 300–03. [Measurement of dielectric constant and loss factor of ice from frequencies 1 to 2.5×105 per sec.]Google Scholar
Jacobi, W. Homogeneous nucleation in supercooled water. Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1955, p. 408–09. [Measurements of freezing temperature as function of drop size discussed.]Google Scholar
Jacobi, W. Über die Eisbildung in reinem unterkühltem Wasser. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Bd. 10a, Ht. 4, 1955, p. 322–30. [Dependence of degree of supercooling of pure water on drop diameter measured and used to deduce the interfacial energy between ice and water.]Google Scholar
Kneser, H. O., and others. Mechanische Relaxation von einkristallinem Eis, von H. O. Kneser, S. Magus und G. Ziegler. Naturwissenschaften, Jahrg. 42, Ht. 15, 1955, p. 437. [Damping of mechanical oscillations in ice single crystals has maximum at a frequency which varied with temperature.]Google Scholar
Kreith, F. Romie, F. E. A study of the thermal diffusion equation with boundary conditions corresponding to solidification or melting of materials initially at the fusion temperature. Proceedings of the Physical Society, Sect. B, Vol. 68, No. 425B, 1955, p. 277–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lliboutry, L. Comparaison des rôles joués par les tensions internes et par le gradient thermique dans la recristallisation de la glace. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Tom. 240, No. 13, 1955, p. 1449–51. [Growth of glacier crystals due to thermal gradient as well as internal stresses.]Google Scholar
Lonsdale, K. Neutrons and atom patterns in crystals. Science News, No. 37, 1955, p. 25–42. [Includes arrangement of atoms in ice molecule as shown by neutron diffraction.]Google Scholar
Mason, B. J. Shaw, D. The effect of temperature and supersaturation on the growth habit of ice crystals. Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1955, p. 93–94. [Comment on Marshall and Langleben, ibid., Vol. 11, No. 2, 1954, p. 104–20.]Google Scholar
Matheson, M. S. Smaller, B. Paramagnetic species in gamma-irradiated ice. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1955, p. 521–28. [Paramagnetic resonance spectra of H2O and D2O ice irradiated with gamma rays at 77° K. yield results interpreted in terms of the presence of free H and OH.]Google Scholar
Merk, H. J. The influence of melting and anomalous expansion on the thermal convection in laminar boundary layers. Applied Scientific Research, Sect. A, Vol. 4, Nos. 5–6, 1954, p. 435–52. [Theoretical study of convection of heat from melting ice.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montmory, R. L’épitaxie et la nucléation de l’eau surfondue. Bulletin de l’Observatoire du Puy de Dôme, 1955, No. 4, p. 108–24. [Discussion of crystallography of substances on which epitaxy of ice has been observed.]Google Scholar
Mossop, S. C. The freezing of supercooled water. Proceedings of the Physical Society, Sect. B, Vol. 68, No. 424B, 1955, p. 193–208. [Values for the supercooling of very pure water in glass tubes down to –34.f C.]Google Scholar
Mossop, S. C. Sublimation nuclei. Proceedings of the Physical Society, Sect. B, Vol. 69, No. 434B, 1956, p. 161–64. [Experiments on substances which allow ice to grow on their surfaces by sublimation.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mossop, S. C. The nucleation of supercooled water by various chemicals. Proceedings of the Physical Society, Sect. B, Vol. 69, No. 434B, 1956, p. 165–74. [Study of the ability of various materials to freeze supercooled water droplets formed on them.]Google Scholar
Niven, C. D. The effect of high loading on the kinetic friction of ice. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 32, No. 12, 1934, p. 782–89. [At high loadings the law of friction breaks down for steel on ice.]Google Scholar
Ōkita, T. A supplementary note on ice crystal growth. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Ser. 2, Vol. 32, Nos. 9–10, 1954, p. 312. [Experiments on rate of growth of ice crystals in the atmosphere compared with theory.]Google Scholar
Rau, W. Wirkungsbereicho und Häufigkeit der natürlichen Gefrierkerne. Archiv far Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Ser. A, Bd. 8, Ht. 3, 1955, p. 185–203. [Measurements of temperatures at which nuclei produce freezing. Photographs of cubic ice crystals.]Google Scholar
Selyakov, N. Ya. Ispareniye l’da v period yego kristallizatsii [Evaporation of ice during its crystallization]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geofizicheskaya [News of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Geophysical Series], 1953, No. 5, p. 460–62.Google Scholar
Shaw, D. Mason, B. J. The growth of ice crystals from the vapour. Philosophical Magazine, Ser. 7, Vol. 46, No. 374, 1955, p. 249–62. [Laboratory study of growth and evaporation of ice crystals at various temperatures and super-saturations.]Google Scholar
Shumskiy, P. A. K voprosu o passivnom arientiruyushchem vliyanii tverdogo osnovaniya na narastayushchie kristally [On the question of the passive orientating influence of a solid substratum on growing crystals]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR [Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.], Tom 93, No. 1, 1953, p. 51–54. [Determination of the orientation of ice crystals growing in water or from the vapour on a plane solid surface.]Google Scholar
Spernol, A. Zur Protonbeweglichkeit im Eis. Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, Bd. 59, Nr. 1, 1955, 31–32. [Resistance of dilute solutions of HCI, NaOH and KC1 in ice decreases very rapidly between 0° and –15 C., and is much less in KCI than HC1 or NaOH. This is interpreted as due to a special mechanism of proton migration.]Google Scholar
Truby, F. K. Hexagonal microstructure of ice crystals grown from the melt. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 26, No. 12, 1955, p. 1416–20. [Very small hexagonal pyramidal pits seen in electron microscopic examination of ice surfaces.]Google Scholar
Vanderberg, R. M. Ellis, J. W. Different ice forms under ordinary conditions. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, No. 12, 1954, p. 2088. [Newly prepared ice crystals have different interference and absorption spectra from older ones.]Google Scholar

Land Ice. Geaciera. Ice Shelves

Ambach, W. Über den nächtlichen Wärmeumsatz der gefrorenen Gletscheroberfläche. Archiv far Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Ser. A, Bd. 8, Ht. 4, 1955, p. 411–26. [Measurements of the nocturnal heat balance of the frozen surface of the glacier on the Vernagtferner.]Google Scholar
Avsyuk, G. A. Izmereniye temperatur l’da lednika Karabatkak [Measurement of the temperature of the ice of the glacier Karabatkak]. Trudy Instituta Geografii [Transactions of the Institute of Geography], Tom 60, 1954, p. 76–122. [Temperatures from surface to 22 m. depth continuously recorded, 1948–90, in `Dien Shan glacier.]Google Scholar
Avsyuk, G. A. Temperaturnoye sostoyaniye Iednikov [Temperature regime of glaciers]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geografcheskaya [News of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Geographical Series], 1955, No. 1, p. 14–31. [Classification by temperature into dry polar, moist polar, cold, marine and continental types.]Google Scholar
Bauer, A. Über die in der heutigen Vergletscherung der Erde als Eis gebundene Wassermasse. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 6, 1955, p. 60–70. [Estimate of the total ice cover of the earth as 21,740,000 cu. km. or a sheet of water 54 m. deep.]Google Scholar
Bout, P., and others. Géomorphologie et glaciologie en Islande centrale, par P. Bout J. Corbel M. Derruau L. Garavel et C. P. Péguy (1). Norois, 2e An., No, 8, 1955, p. 461–571. [Includes studies of glacier regime of Hofsjökull, also temperature, “rock glaciers” and geomorphology of central Iceland. English summary.]Google Scholar
Bruce, R. J. M. Bull, C. Geophysical work in north Greenland. Nature, Vol. 175, No. 4464, 1955, p. 892–93. [Report of seismic and gravity surveys of British North Greenland Expedition, 1952–54.]Google Scholar
[Cave Ice.] Schauhöhlen Österreichs. Wien, Verband Österreichischer Höhlenforscher, 1954. 24 p. [Contains the following popular accounts of show caves with ice in them: “Eisriesenwelt im Tennengebirge bei Werfen (Salzburg)”, by Erwin Angermeyer, p. 2–5; “Die Eiskogelhöhle im Tennengebirge (Salzburg)”, by Gustav Abel, p. 5–8; “Der Dachsteinhöhlenpark bei Obertraun (Oberösterreich)”, by Roman Pilz, p. 10–13. All these have summaries in French and English.]Google Scholar
Corbel, J. Crevasses et rivières sous-glaciaires. Revue de Géographie de Lyon, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1955, p. 237–47. [General discussion of crevasse formations and super and subglacial streams.]Google Scholar
Ghidini, G. M. Uomini, caverni e abissi. Milano, A.P.E., 1954. 286 p. [Chapter devoted to cave ice, p. 35–39, with good photographs.]Google Scholar
Halliday, W. R. Ice caves of the United States. The American Caver. National Speleological Society [of America], Bulletin 16, 1954, p. 3–28. [Critical review of theories of cave ice formation and description of U.S. caves by types. Bibliography.]Google Scholar
Halliday, W. R. Effects of glaciation on caves of the western United States. National Speleological Society, Salt Lake Grotto, Technical Note, No. 23, 1954, 4 p.Google Scholar
Heinsheimer, G. J. Zur Hydrologie und Glaciologie des Lago Argentino und Ventisquero Moreno, Argentinien. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 24–32. [Report of the continued advance of Ventisquero Moreno, Argentina, in 1952–53, and its consequent damming of Canal de los Témpanos.]Google Scholar
Heinsheimer, G. J. Der Durchbruch des Morenogletschers, Lago Argentino, Patagonien, 1953. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 33–38. [Advance of Ventisquero Moreno into wooded land, and observation of break out of ice-dammed lake.]Google Scholar
Hoinkes, H. Der Einfluss des Gletscherwindes auf die Ablation. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 18–23. [Discussion of heat carried to surface of a glacier by wind.]Google Scholar
Hofmann, W. Photogrammetric glacier measurements on the volcanic peaks of Washington. Mountaineer, Dec, 1933, p. 7–16. [Photogrammetry to measure glacier fluctuation, and description of a survey.]Google Scholar
Jobert, N. Sondages séismiques au Groenland. Deuxiéme partie: dispersion des ondes de surface dans la couche superficielle du glacier du Groenland. Annales de Géophysique, Tom, 9, Fasc. 4, 1953. p. 345–58. (Rapports scientifiques des Expéditions Polaires Françaises, No. N.3.2.) [Dispersal of surface waves in seismic sounding.]Google Scholar
Joset, A. Holtzscherer, J. Sondages séismiques au Groenland. Première partie: étude des vitesses de propagation des ondes séismiques sur l’Inlandsis du Groenland. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. 9, Fasc. 4, 1953, p. 329–44. (Rapports scientifiques des Expéditions Polaires Françaises, No. N.3,2.) [1949–51. Study of speed of propagation of seismic waves. Methods and results.]Google Scholar
Joset, A. Holtzscherer, J.-J. Sondages séismiques au Groenland. Troisième partie: détermination des épaisseurs de l’Inlandsis du Groenland. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. to, Fasc. 4, 1954, p. 351–81. (Rapports scientifiques des Expéditions Polaires Françaises, No. N.3.2.) [Methods and results of work done, 1949–51.]Google Scholar
von Klebelsberg, R.. Ergebnisse der Gletschermessungen des Österreichischen Alpenvereins in den österreichischen Alpen 1953. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 99–105. [Table of advance and retreat of Austrian glaciers, 1952–53.]Google Scholar
von Klebelsberg, R.. Die Gletscher der österreichischen Alpen 1953–54 . Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Alpenvereins, Jahrg. 10 (80), Ht. 1/2, 1Z955, p. 8–10. [Detailed account of regime resulting from measurements made in 1954.]Google Scholar
Köll, L. Der Gletscherschwund im Ortlergebiet. Der Bergsteiger und Berge und Heimat (München), Jahrg. 22, Ht. 3, 1954, p. 112–14. [Glacier recession in the Ortler region.]Google Scholar
Körner, H. Gletschermechanik und Gletscherbewegung. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954,_p. 5–17. [Critical discussion of theories of glacier flow.]Google Scholar
Limbert, D. W. S. The formation of ice in mountain regions. Mountaincraft, No. 27, 1955, p. 14–18. [The occurrence of, and causes producing, ice in the mountains.]Google Scholar
Lliboutry, L. L’incorporation des éboulis dans Is glace. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Tom. 240, No. 15, 1955, p. 1623–24. [Examination of nature and formation of debris-laden ice.]Google Scholar
Lliboutry, L. Surimposition d’un débordement glaciaire à un glacier d’éboulis. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Torn. 240, No. 16, 1955, p. 1654–57. [Action of a superimposed glacier upon debris-laden ice. Remarks on this paper by Léon Moret, p. 1656–57, point out the analogy with mountain building.]Google Scholar
Marshall, E. W. Structural and stratigraphie studies of the northern Ellesmere ice shelf. Arctic, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1955. p. 109–54 [Further results of 1954 expedition, led by G. Hattersley-Smith. See ibid., Vol. 8, No. 1, 1955, p. 3–36.]Google Scholar
Mercanton, P.-L. Variation d’altitude des fronts glaciaires. Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesell-schaft, 134 Jahresversammlung, Altdorf, 1954, p. 112–13. [Discussion of use of mean altitude of snouts of glaciers as measure of glacial advance and retreat.]Google Scholar
Mercanton, P.-L. La glaciation du Valais et ses variations dans les temps modernes. Wasser- und Energiewirtschaft, 1955, Nr. 5–617, p. 100–03. [Summary of variations; estimated retreat of the Valais glaciers since 1777 is 135 sq. km.)Google Scholar
Miller, D. H. Howell, W. E. Discussion of “Some measurements of ablation, melting and solar absorption on a glacier in Peru”. Transactions. American Geophysical Union, Vol. 36, No. 2, 1955. p. 339–40. [Suggested heat balance drawn up by Miller from data in a paper by Howell, ibid., Vol. 34, No. 6, 1953, p. 883–88, with reply by Howell.]Google Scholar
Miller, M. M. A nomenclature for englacial structures. Acta Geographica, 14, 1955, p. 291–99.Google Scholar
Morawetz, S. Die Vergletscherong des inneren Kauner-, Pitz- und Rofentales (Otztaler Alpen, Tirol). Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 68–74. [Discussion on the basis of the latest evidence of the glaciers of the Pitz-, Kauner- and Rofentals, and of their diminution since 1878.]Google Scholar
Muntz, A. P. Recent glacier activity in the Taku Inlet area, southeastern Alaska. Arctic, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1955, p. 83–95. [Study of Taku and Norris glaciers: significant features of recent fluctuations.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nevière, J. Campagne au Groenland 1948–1949–1950. Nivellement géodésique de l’Inlandsis. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. 10, Fasc. 1, 1954, p. 66–88. (Rapports scientifiques des Expéditions Polaires Françaises, No. N.3.1.) [Leader’s report on levelling on ice sheet.]Google Scholar
Oechslin, M. Die Gletscherschwankungen in den schweizer Alpen. Die Alpen, Jahrg. 31, No. 7, 1955, p. 176. [Editorial comment on report by P.-L. Mercanton and A. Renaud on the state of the Swiss glaciers in 1954]Google Scholar
Oechslin, M. Gletscherfontäne. The Alpen, Jahrg. 31, No. 9, 1955, Varia, p. 179. [An intermittent waterspout on Findelengletscher, Zermatt, attributed to pressure caused by glacier movement.]Google Scholar
Orvig, S. Glacial-meteorological observations on icecaps in Baffin Island. Geografeka Annaler, Årg. 36, Ht. 3–4, 1954, p. 593–318. [Meteorological conditions (and heat balance at snow surface) on Penny Highland, summer 1953; relation to ablation, comparison with other glaciers.]Google Scholar
O’Shea, B. E. Ruapehu and the Tangiwai disaster. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Sect. B, Vol. 36, No. 2, 1954, p. 174–89. [Discussion of the causes of the Whangaehu River flood which led to the Tangiwai rail disaster. Description of Ruapehu Crater Lake.]Google Scholar
Paschinger, H. Der südlichste Gletscher Europas. Zeitschrift filr Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1 1954, p. 39–46. [Report of disappearance of the glacier in the Corral de Veleta, Sierra Nevada, Spain, and description of its eorrie.]Google Scholar
Paschinger, H. Nachmessungen am Pasterzenkees (Glocknergruppe) im Jahre 1953. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 106–12. [Continuation of retreat, velocity, surface profile and ablation measurements on the Pasterzenkees, eastern Alps, 1953.]Google Scholar
Pirker, R. Von Höhlenklima und vom Höhleneis. (In Pirker, R. Trimmel, H. ed. Karst und Höhlen in Nieder- österreich und Wien. Wien, Verlag für Jugend und Volk, 1954, p. 43–48.) [Popular description of cave climatology and cave ice.]Google Scholar
Rist, S. Dyrfjallajökull. Jökull, Ar 3, 1953, p. 38. [Glaciers in Dyrfjöll, Iceland; recession since 1930.]Google Scholar
Robin, G. de Q. Determination of the thickness of ice shelves by seismic shooting methods. Nature, Vol. 177, No. 4508, 1956, p. 584–86. [New interpretation of seismic soundings taken in Antarctica.]Google Scholar
Röthlisberger, H. The seismic examination of glaciers. Mountain World (London, George Allen & Unwin), 1954, p. 149–56. [Work on Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, by P. D. Baird’s 1933 expedition.]Google Scholar
Saar, R. Meteorologisch-physikalische Beobachtungen in der Dachstein-Rieseneishöhle. Die Höhle, Bd. 5, Ht. 3/4, 1954, p. 49–62. [Meteorological observations taken by Kyrle in the Dachstein ice cave in 1928–29, and less detailed data for longer period.]Google Scholar
Saar, R. Meteorologisch-physikalische Beobachtungen in den Dachsteinrieseneishöhlen, Oberösterreich. Wetter und Leben, Jahrg. 7, Ht. 8–11, 1955, p. 213–19. [Discussion of climate of ice caves with special reference to the Dachsteinriesenhöhle.]Google Scholar
Saar, R. Die Dachstein-Rieseneishöhle nächst Obertraun und ihre Funktion als dynamische Wetterhöhle. Jahrbuch des Oberösterreichischen Musealvereines, Bd. 100, 1959, p. 263–319. [Study of meteorology of this ice show-cave.]Google Scholar
[Svalbard: Land ice.] Area of ice-covered land in Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Polar Record, Vol. 7, No. 49, 1955, p. 330-31. [Estimations by Thor Askheim and W. Salheim of Norsk Polarinstitutt.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swithinbank, C. W. M. “Ice streams.” Polar Record, Vol. 7, No. 48, 1954, p. 585. [Proposed term to describe an outlet glacier of an inland ice sheet where there is no exposed rock to define its marginal limits.]Google Scholar
Tryggvason, E. Eythorsson, J. Gljúfurirjökull i Svarfadardal. Jökull, Ár 3, 1953, p. 44. [Gljúfurirjökull in Svarfadardal, Iceland.]Google Scholar
Wawrik, F. Hochgebirgs-Kleingewässer im Arlberggebiet II. Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturtaissenschaftliche Klasse, Abt. A, Bd. 164, Ht. 6–7, 1955, p. 367–87. [Observations on streams issuing from glaciers. Includes study of iron bacteria in the water in contact with ice.]Google Scholar
West, R. The recent history of the Commander Glacier: a preliminary study. Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 38, 1955, p. 99–101. [Purcell Range, British Columbia.]Google Scholar
Zabirov, R. D. Oledeneniye gornogo massive Muz-kol [Glacierization of the Muz-kol massif]. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva Views of the All Union Geographical Society], Tom 87, No. 4, 1955, p. 325–34. [Description of existing glaciers in this part of Pamirs.]Google Scholar
Zabirov, R. D. Oledeneniye Panlira [Glaciation of the Pamirs]. Moscow, Gosudarstvennoye Izdatel’stvo Geograficheskoy Literatury [State Publishing House for Geographical Literature], 1955. 372 p. [Location and dimensions of 1172 existing glaciers; ancient extent of glaciation.]Google Scholar
Zingg, T. Die Bestimmung der klimatischen Schneegrenze auf klimatologischer Grundlage. Angewandte Pflanzensoziologie, Bd. 2, 1954, p. 848–54. [Determination of the climatic snow line by climatological as opposed to topographical data. Also published as Mitteilungen des Eidgenossisches Institutes für Schnee- und Lawinenforschung, No. 52, 1954.]Google Scholar

Icebergs. Sea, River and Laxe Ice

Armstrong, T. E. Sea ice studies. Arctic, Vol. 7, Nos 3–4, 1954, 13.205–05. [Present position. Reprinted in Special Publication No. 2 of the Arctic Institute of North America, p. 89–93.]Google Scholar
Armstrong, T. E. Soviet work on sea ice forecasting. Polar Record, Vol. 7, No. 49, 1955, p. 302–51. [Prediction of drift, growth and decay of sea ice, 1923–50.]Google Scholar
Brooks, C. E. P. On month to month persistence and on 7–day periodicity. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 35, No. 7, 1954, p. 314. [Month to month persistence of a correlation in pressure attributed to persistence of arctic sea ice. Comment on paper by Jerome Namias, ibid., Vol. 35, No. 3, 1954, p. 112–17.]Google Scholar
Brown, Allen L. An analytical method of ice potential calculation. Washington, D.C., U.S. Hydrographie Office, 1954. 13 p. (Technical Report No. 5.) [Development of Zubov and Defant’s formulae for calculating ice-forming potential of sea water.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulatov, S. N. O nekotorykh sluchayakh prognoza vskrytiya rek [Some instances of forecasting the break-up of rivers]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya [Meteorology and Hydrology], 1955, No. 2, p. 33–35. [Method of forecasting for rivers in which water level does not rise sharply before break-up.]Google Scholar
Corton, E. L. The ice budget of the arctic pack and its application to ice forecasting. Washington, D.C., U.S. Hydrographie Office, 1954. 13 p. (Technical Report No. 6.) [Statistical presentation of account of melting, of new ice forming and average age of polar ice in central Polar Basin.]Google Scholar
Dunbar, Moira. The pattern of ice distribution in Canadian arctic seas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Third Ser., Vol. 48, Oceanographic Session, 1954, p. 9–18. [Sea ice distribution in winter, in summer with light ice and summer with heavy ice; factors influencing this.]Google Scholar
Eckel, O. Statistisches zur Vereisung der Ostalpenseen. Wetter und Leben, Jahrg. 7, Ht. 3–4, 1955, p. 49–57. [Statistical data on dates of beginning, and thickness, of ice cover on Austrian lakes.]Google Scholar
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Fabricius, O. Otto Fabricius “on the floating ice in the northern waters”. Introduction by R. H. Dillon. Geographical Review, Vol. 45, No. 3, 1955, p. 405–15. [Eighteenth-century translation of observations by early Greenland missionary (1744–1822). Concerns mainly Davis Strait.]Google Scholar
Fukutomi, T., and others. A report on the survey of sea ice on the Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido, by T. Fukutomi K. Kusunoki und T. Tabata. Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, No. 13, 1954, p. 59–103. [Observations of physical and mechanical properties and movement of sea ice, 1942–53. Photographs of sea ice phenomena. Japanese with English summary.]Google Scholar
Goedecke, E. Über Intensität und Reihenfolge der Eiswinter an der Deutschen Nordseeküste für die Periode 1872–1950. Annalen der Meteorologie, Jahrg. 6, Ht. 7/8, 1953/54, p. 202–12. [Ice conditions in Heligoland Bight for the early part of the period deduced from sea temperature measurements. Results imply that ice has considerably diminished in last few decades.]Google Scholar
Holtsmark, B. E. Insulating effect of a snow cover on the growth of young sea ice. Arctic, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1955, p. 60–65. [Studies by members of U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory at Point Barrow, Alaska, 194g.]Google Scholar
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Kuznetsov, A. I. Metodika instrumental’nooggo opredeleniya raakhodov l’da [Method of determining by instruments the discharge of ice]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya [Meteorology and Hydrology], 1955, No. 2, p. 42–44. [Determination of quantity of ice passing down a river.]Google Scholar
Lütschg-Loetscher, O., and others. Die Eis- and Schneeverhältnisse der Oberengadiner Seen insbesondere des St. Moritz Sees, von O. Lütschg-Loetscher, Theophil Hauck und Rudolf Bohner. Beiträge zur Geologie der Schweiz. Geotechnische Serie. Hydrologie, Lief. 4, Bd. 1, Teil 3, Kap. to, 1954, 173 p. [Ice and snow conditions in the lakes of Oberengadin, and particularly the St. Moritz See. This is the loth chapter, separately paged and published, of the first volume of Zum Wasserhaushalt des Schweizer Hochgebirges, by O. Lütschg-Loetscher.)Google Scholar
Murakami, M. Freezing of the Sunghali River, Manchuria [Shokako no toketsu]. U.S. Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment. Translation 34, 1955, 12 p. [Description of ice formation on this river and tables of ice thickness throughout the winter of 1940–41. Translation from the Japanese of article in Seppyō, Vol. 3, 1941, p. 333–42.]Google Scholar
Rohrhofer, J. Eisfleckung durch Gasblasen. Wetter und Leben, Jahrg. 7, Ht. 5–6, 1955. p. 123–24. [Gas bubbles in lake ice on the Altauseer See due to photosynthesis of algae on the stones below.]Google Scholar
Sandford, K. S. Tabular icebergs between Spitsbergen and Franz Josef Land. Geographical Journal, Vol. 121, Pt. 2, 1955, p. 164–70. [Records of occurrence, origin discussed.]Google Scholar
Scholander, P. F., and others. Gases in icebergs, by P. F. Scholander J. W. Kanwisher D. C. Nutt. Science, Vol. 123, No. 3186, 1956, p. 104–05. [Measurement of oxygen content of bubbles in icebergs.]Google Scholar
Shcherbakov, D. I. Pervyye itogi vysokoshirotnoy arkticheskog ekspeditsii 1954 goda [First results of the high-latitude arctic expedition of 1954]. Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR (Messenger of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.), 1994, No. 9, p. 10–16. [Outline of Soviet work in oceanography, bathymetry and ice observation in central Polar Basin. English translation at Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge.]Google Scholar
Shumskiy, P. A. K izucheniyu l’dov severnogo ledovitogo okeana [Study of the ice of the Arctic Ocean]. Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR [Messenger of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.], 1955, No. 2, p. 33–38. [Stratification and crystal size of 3 m. vertical section of sea ice at drifting station SP–3, July 1954.]Google Scholar
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Glacial Geology

Armstrong, J. E. Brown, W. L. Late Wisconsin marine drift and associated sediments of the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 65, No. 4, 1954, p. 349–64. [Authors consider agents of transportation were ice shelves, icebergs or sea ice, glacial melt-water and sea water.]Google Scholar
Carsola, A. J. Extent of glaciation on the continental shelf in the Beaufort Sea. American Journal of Science, Vol. 252, No. 6, 1954, p. 366–71. [Suggestion that Pleistocene glaciation did not extend beyond “shelf-break” in Beaufort and Chukchi Seas at about 35 fathoms.]Google Scholar
Chevalier, M. Le relief glaciaire des Pyrénées du Couserans. Part 1–les cirques. Revue Géographique des Pyrénées et du Sud-Ouest, Tom. 25, Fasc. 2, 1954, p. 97–124. [Glacial geomorphology.]Google Scholar
Chevalier, M. Le relief glaciaire des Pyrénées du Cousérans. Part 2–les vallées. Revue Géographique des Pyrénées et du Sud-Ouest, Tom. 25, Fasc. 3, 1954, p. 189–220. [Glacial geomorphology.]Google Scholar
Common, R. The geomorphology of the east Cheviot area. Scottish Geographical Magazine, Vol. 70, No. 3, 1954, p. 12438. [General description; includes glacial erosion, deposits and landforms.]Google Scholar
Donner, J. J. West, R. G. Ett drumlinsfält på ön Skye, Skottland. Terra, Årg. 67, No. 2, 1955, p. 45–48. [Very small drumlins with steep lee sides in central Skye. English summary, p. 48.]Google Scholar
Drehwald, H. R. Zur Entstehung der Spillways in Nord-England und Süd-Schottland. Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, Ht. 8, 1955, 82 p. [Review-study of overflow channels caused by running water ponded or controlled by glacier ice. English summary, p. 78–79.]Google Scholar
Einarsson, T. Depression of the earth’s crust under glacier load. Various aspects. Jökull, Ár 3, 1953, p. 2–5. [Method for calculating depression, tested on Iceland glaciers.]Google Scholar
Flint, R. F. Radiocarbon dates of pre-Mankato events in eastern and central North America. Science, Vol. 121, No. 3149, 1955 p. 649–58. [Major glaciation about 25,000 years ago, reached a maximum about 20,000 years ago, and was in oscillating retreat between 13,000 and 12,000 years ago. Later fluctuations not under discussion.]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frödin, G. The distribution of late glacial sub-fossil sandurs in northern Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, Årg. 36, Ht. 1–2, 1954, p. 002–34.Google Scholar
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Gravenor, C. P. The origin and significance of prairie mounds. American Journal of Science, Vol. 253, No. 8, 1955, p. 475–81. [Mounds originated as debris-filled pits on a stagnant ice surface and are related to downslope ice wastage.]Google Scholar
Heuberger, H. Gletschervorstösse zwischen Daun- und Fernau- Stadium in den nordlichen Stubaier Alpen (Tirol). Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 91–98. [Chronology of moraines of some Tyrolean valleys. Includes maps showing end moraines of 1850 advance.]Google Scholar
Hjulström, F., and others. The Hoffellssandur-a glacial outwash plain: scientific results of the expeditions to soqtheastern Iceland in 1951–52 from the Geographical Department of Uppsala University by Filip Hjulström, Ake Sundborg, Lennart Amborg, Jón Jónsson. Part I. Chapters I-IV. Geografiska Annaler, Årg, 36, Ht. 1-2, 1954, p. 135–89. [Account of the expedition by F. Hjulström; of geology of the Homafjördur region by J. rónsson; of mapping of the Hoffellssandur by A. Sundborg; of geomorphology of the area surrounding the Hoffelissandur by F. Hjulström.]Google Scholar
Jayet, A. Le problème du fluvio-glaciaire. Geographica Helvetica, Vol. to, Nr. 3, 1955. p. 148–53. [Discussion of the confusion caused by the term “fluvioglacial”.]Google Scholar
King, W. B. R. The Pleistocene epoch in England. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. III, No. 442, 1955, p. 187–208. [In addition to stratigraphical aspects, proposal to discard Penck and Brückner’s Alpine nomenclature in favour of an agreed nomenclature for the English deposits.]Google Scholar
Kupsch, W. O. Drumlins with jointed boulders near Dollard, Saskatchewan, Canada. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 66, No. 3, 155, p. 327–37. [Description of drumlins and suggested mode of formation.]Google Scholar
McFarlane, P. B. Glacial shore-lines. Nature, Vol. 176, No. 4474, 1955, p. 113–14. [Calculation of position of shore-lines round the globe with and without polar ice caps, taking into account both eustasy and perfect isostasy.]Google Scholar
Murray, R. C. Late Keweenawan or early Cambrian glaciation in Upper Michigan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 66, No. 3, 1955, p. 341–44. [Striations, polishing and friction cracks suggest glaciation in Upper Michigan in late Precambrian or early Cambrian.]Google Scholar
Murray, R. C. Directions of glacier ice motion in south-central Newfoundland. Journal of Geology, Vol. 63, No. 3, 1955, p. 268–74. [Complex pattern of ice motion inferred from compilation mainly of striations, also of boulder records.]Google Scholar
Neil, E. M. Putnam, D. F. Observations concerning the Keewatin centre of glaciation. Canadian Geographer, No. 5, 1955, p. 29–32. [Summary of evidence and its interpretation.]Google Scholar
Pocock, T. J. The rivers Witham and Devon in the glacial period. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glartialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1 1954, p. 47–54. [Glacial geology of west Lincolnshire; change in the drainage pattern.]Google Scholar
Sauramo, M. On the nature of the Quaternary crustal up-warping in Fennoscandia. Acta Geographica, 14, 1955, p. 334–48.Google Scholar
Sauramo, M. Land uplift with hinge-lines in Fennoscandia. Annales Academia Scientiarum Fennicce, Ser. A III, 44, 1955, 25 p. [Discussion of uplift data.]Google Scholar
Simpson, S. A re-interpretation of the drifts of north-east Scotland. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, Vol. 16, Pt. 2 1955, p. 189–99. [Karnes and melt water channels of the Scottish coast from Stonehaven to Peterhead reinterpreted. Bremner’s third ice-sheet is questioned.]Google Scholar
Suess, H. E. Absolute chronology of the last glaciation. Science, Vol. 1232 No. 3192, 1956, p. 355–57. [On the basis of Cl* and deep sea sediment data, climatic fluctuations of the last glaciation are shown to be of two types.]Google Scholar
Veyret, P. Le lit glaciaire: contradiction apparente des formes et logique réelle des processus d’érosion. Revue de Géographie Alpine, Tom. 43, Fasc. 3, 1955, p. 495–509. [Rock structure determines rôle of scouring and plucking in shaping the glaciated valley.]Google Scholar
West, R. G. The glaciations and interglacials of East Anglia: a summary and discussion of recent research. Quaternaria, Vol. 2, 1955, p. 45–52.Google Scholar
West, R. G. The Quaternary deposits at Hoxne, Suffolk. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. B, Vol. 239, No. 665, 1956, p. 265–356. [Sequence of glacial and interglacial deposits in this important site reinterpreted. Appendices on glacial crratics by D. F. W. Baden-Powell, on non-marine Molluscs by B. W. Sparks and on mammalian remains by H. E. P. Spencer.]Google Scholar
Zumberge, J. H. Glacial erosion in tilted rock layers. Journal of Geology, Vol. 63, No. 2, 1955, p. 149–58. [Glacial abrasion is controlled by the applied force, glacial quarrying by the nature of the rock.]Google Scholar

Frost Action on Rocks and Soil. Frozen ground. Permafrost

Beaujeu-Garnier, J. Sur la présence de formations du type dit “périglaciaire” en Algérie orientale. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Tom. 240, No.1 1955, p. 1246–48. [Stone loops and other periglacial phenomena observed in the north-west slopes of the Aurès and in Kabylie in Algeria.]Google Scholar
Bouillet, G. Usure et fragmentation des calcaires jurassiques de la région de Bourges (Cher). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 6e Sér., Tom. 3, Fasc. 1–3, 1953, p. 13–22. [Laboratory and field studies show frost has been most important agent in weathering Jurassic chalk.]Google Scholar
Corte, A. E. Contribución a la morfología periglacial especialmente criopedologfca de la República Argentina. Acta Geographica, 14, 1955, p. 83–102. [Study of periglacial morphology, especially permafrost, of Argentina; includes Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands.]Google Scholar
Cotton, C. A. Te Punga, M. T. Solifluxion and periglacially modified landforms at Wellington, New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Vol. 82, Pt. 5, 1955, p. 1001–31. [Description of solifluxion deposits formed during past glaciations and of landforms they have moulded.]Google Scholar
Furrer, G. Bodenformen aus dem subnivalen Bereich. The Alpen, Jahrg. 31, No. 6, 1955, p. 146–51. [Permafrost studies, solifluxion, etc., in the Swiss Alps.]Google Scholar
Furrer, G. Frostbodenformen in ehemals nicht vergletscherten Gebieten der Schweiz. Geographica Helvetica, Vol. 10, Nr. 3, 1955, p. 129–32. [Frost action on superficial deposits in Switzerland.]Google Scholar
Gradwell, M. W. Soil frost studies at a high country station-T. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Sect, B, Vol. 36, No. 3, 1954, p. 240–57. [Observations of ground ice.]Google Scholar
Leggett, R. F. Permafrost research. Arctic, Vol. 7, Nos. 3–4, 1954, p. 153–58. [Problems in North America. Reprinted in Special Publication No. 2 of the Arctic Institute of North America, p. 41–46.]Google Scholar
Lliboutry, L. L’origine des sols striés et polygonaux des Andes de Santiago (Chili). Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Torn. 240, No. 18, 1955, p. 1793–94. [Patterned ground in the Andes of Santiago; discussion of theory of its formation.]Google Scholar
Lliboutry, L. Origine et évolution des glaciers rocheux. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Tom. 240, No. 18, 1955, p. 1913–15. [Origin and development of rock glaciers.]Google Scholar
Maarleveld, G. C. Toorn, J. C. van den. Pseudo-solle in Noord-Nederland. Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Deel 72, No. 4, 1955, p. 344–60. [Some depressions in the boulder clay of northern Netherlands interpreted as pingo remnants.]Google Scholar
Péwé, T. L. Effect of permafrost on cultivated fields, Fairbanks arca, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 889–F, 1954, p. 315–48. [General account of agricultural and physiographical effects and extent of permafrost in the area.]Google Scholar
Schmid, J. Der Bodenfrost als morphologischer Faktor. Heidelberg, Huthig, 1955. viii, 144 p. [Study of frost formation in the ground and its effects.]Google Scholar
Watt, A. S. Stone stripes in Breckland, Norfolk. Geological Magazine, Vol. 92, No. 2, 1955, p. 173–74. [Reinterpretation of Calluna stripes as due to frost soil.]Google Scholar

Meteorological and Climatological Glaciology

Arakawa, H. Climatic change as revealed by the freezing dates of Lake Suwa in central Japan. Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1955, p. 94.Google Scholar
Brooks, C. E. P. Present position of theories of climatic change. Meteorological Magazine, Vol. 84, No. 997, 1955, p. 204–06. [Brief comments on numerous current theories.]Google Scholar
Grunow, J. Zur Definition und Beobachtungstechnik von Nebelfrostablagerungen. Wetter und Leben, Jahrg. 7, Ht. 8–11, 1955, p. 211–12. [Suggested classification of, and symbols for, rime and hoar frost.]Google Scholar
King, C. A. M. Observations of local winds on Svinafellsjökull, Iceland. Weather, Vol. so, No. 8, 1955, p. 265–70. [Detailed account of behaviour of mist on 3 August 1954.]Google Scholar
List, R. Quervain, M. de. Zur Struktur von Hagelkörnern. Zeitschrift fur angewandte Mathematik und Physik, Vol. 4, Fasc. 6, 1953, p. 492–96. [Structure of hailstones studied by polarized light. English summary p. 496.]Google Scholar
Schwarzbach, M. Beitrége zur Klimageschichte Islands: I, Allgemeiner Überblick der Klimageschichte Islands. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paldontologie, Monatshefte, Jahrg. 1955, Ht. 3, p. 97–130. [Climatic history of Iceland since the early Tertiary. Includes data on extent of Quaternary glaciers, and on flora and fauna.]Google Scholar
Smith, R. M. Glazed frost. Meteorological Magazine, Vol. 84, No. 998, 1955, p. 259. [Observation of four occurrences near Burnley in the last three years.]Google Scholar
Walser, E. Niederschlag und Abfluss im Rhonegebiet oberhalb des Genfersees. Wasser- und Energiewirtschaft, [Special edition] Nrs. 5–6–7, 1955, p. 94–99– [Precipitation and run-off in the upper Rhone Basin.]Google Scholar
[Wexler, Harry.] Climatic fluctuation and the solar cycle. Weather, Vol. 9, No. 12, 1954, p. 379–80. [Account of lecture by Dr. Harry Wexler.]Google Scholar

Snow

Atwater, M. M. A study of debris distribution in a major avalanche. Appalachia, N.S., Vol. 19, No. 12, 1953, p. 514–20. [U.S. Forest Service Avalanche Observation Station, Alta, Utah, U.S.A. Confirms principles of avalanche rescue technique.]Google Scholar
Atwater, M. M. Snoqualmie Pass avalanche accident. Appalachia, N.S., Vol. 19, No. 12, 1953, p. 588. [February xg53 in Cascade Mountains, Washington.]Google Scholar
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Boisvert, J.-J. La neige dans les Alpes françaises. Revue de Géographie Alpine, Tom. 43, Fasc. 2, 1955, p. 357–434. [Detailed study of snow data for the French Alps.]Google Scholar
Booth, R. E. The snow of January and February 1955. Meteorological Magazine, Vol. 84, No. 995, 1955, p. 129–37. [General account of the snow and its effects in the British Isles.]Google Scholar
D’Ooge, C. L. Snowfall and temperature on a Californian mountain. Nature, Vol. 175, No. 4454, 1955, p. 465–66. [Data on snowfall at different temperatures show two peaks; the upper one, at –4° C., is believed to be due to cloud seeding experiments using Ag I.]Google Scholar
Fischmeister, V. Bestimmung des Wasserwertes einer Schneedecke mit radioaktiven Stoffe. Wetter und Leben, Jahrg. 7, Ht. 8–11, 1955, p. 210–11. [Method of determining water equivalent of snow cover using a radioactive source and Geiger counter.]Google Scholar
Flaig, W. Lawinen Abenteuer und Erfahrung, Erlebnis und Lehre. 2te. Auflage. Wiesbaden, F. A. Brockhaus, 1955. 251 p., 82 plates. [Avalanches.]Google Scholar
Flaig, W. Staublawinen-ja oder nein? Die Alpen, Jahrg. 31, No. 3–4, 1955, p. 76–77. [Letter relating to article by Rohrer, ibid., Jahrg. 30, No. 3, 1954, p. 62–88.]Google Scholar
Hay, J. C. Snow rollers at Grimsetter. Meteorological Magazine, Vol. 85, No. 1005, 1956, p. 91–92. [Natural lumps of snow observed on slopes of small hills.]Google Scholar
Heybrock, W. Zu den heutigen Fimverhältnisse auf Korsika. Zeitschrift far Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 3, Ht. 1, 1954, p. 75–78. [Snow patches in Corsica, summer 1951.]Google Scholar
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Isräel, H., and others. Luftelektrische Tagesgänge and Massenaustausch im Hochgebirge der Alpen. Die luftelektrischen Verhältnisse am Jungfraujoch (3472 m) II; Vergleichsmessungen zwischen Jungfraujoch and Sonnblick von H. Isräel, H. W. Kasemir and K. Wienert. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik and Bioklimatologie, Ser. A, Bd. 8, Ht. 1–2, 1955, p. 72–94. [Snow formed by sublimation only carries a positive charge, soft hail and granular snow a negative one.]Google Scholar
Itō, Kyōji. The formation of ice crystals in the air and their development: on small ice crystals (IV). Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1955, p. 8–11. [Investigation of atmospheric conditions under which small ice crystals (diamond dust) are formed.]Google Scholar
Johnson, J. C. The back-scattering coefficient of a spherical homogeneous mixture of ice and air at wavelengths between 1 and 10 centimeters. Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1955, p. 588–89. [Theoretical estimates.]2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, H. H. Snow Survey of Great Britain. Weather, Vol. to, No. 5, 1955, p. 170–71. [Letter calling attention to the usefulness of the survey.]Google Scholar
Lamb, H. H. Two-way relationship between the snow or ice limit and 1000–500 mb. thicknesses in the overlying atmosphere. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 81, No. 348, 1955, p. 172–89. [Statistical relations for estimating whether precipitation will be snow or rain and also how far warm air can extend over a snow field. Discussion, ibid, Vol. 81, No. 349, 1955, p. 496–98.]Google Scholar
Landauer, J. K. Stress-strain relations in snow under uniaxial compression. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 26, No. 12, 1955, p. 1493–97. [Tests on snow of various densities at constant rate or constant load.]Google Scholar
Loway, W. P. Further remarks on the correlation of density of new snow with 700–millibar temperature. Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1955, p. 414. [Density of low temperature crystal types is more predictable than that of higher temperature types.)Google Scholar
Macono, C. Oguchi, H. [Classification of snow flakes and their structures.] Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Ser. 2, Vol. 33, No. 2, 1955, p. 56–67. [Observation and classification of snow crystals. In Japanese, with English abstract p. 56.]Google Scholar
Müller, H. G. Zur Wärmebilanz der Schneedecke. Meteorologische Rundschau, Jahrg. 6, Ht. 7/8, 1953, p. 140–43. [Relations of atmospheric temperature and humidity in melting of a snow cover.]Google Scholar
Munn, R. E. The measurement of snow depth. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 35, No. 3, 1954, p. 133–34. [Points out statistical nature of snow depth measurements.]Google Scholar
Norinda, H. Siksna, R. Electric charges measured in the air when blowing snow. Arkiv för Geofysik, Bd. 2, Ht. 4, 1955, p. 343–69. [Experiments on the ions produced in air when snow is blown through it.]Google Scholar
Rikhter, G. D., ed. Voprosy izucheniya mega i ispol’zovaniya yego V narodnom khozyaystve [Questions of snow study and its use in the national economy]. Moscow, lzdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR [Publishing House o the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.], 1955. 176 p. [Collected papers on physical properties of snow cover; its influence on soils, its behaviour in fields and woods.)Google Scholar
Shidei, T. Takahashi, K. On the settling force of snow (2nd report) from the results obtained in 4 winter seasons ranging from 1945–1947. Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station (Tokyo), No. 44, n.d. [Experiments with square stakes.]Google Scholar
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