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Extracellular vesicles in mammalian reproduction: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2022

Erwin L. Muñoz Open the ORCID record for Erwin L. Muñoz [Opens in a new window] ,
Fernanda B. Fuentes Open the ORCID record for Fernanda B. Fuentes [Opens in a new window] ,
Ricardo N. Felmer Open the ORCID record for Ricardo N. Felmer [Opens in a new window] ,
Marc Yeste Open the ORCID record for Marc Yeste [Opens in a new window]  and
María E. Arias Open the ORCID record for María E. Arias [Opens in a new window]
Erwin L. Muñoz
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Fernanda B. Fuentes
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Ricardo N. Felmer
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Marc Yeste
Affiliation:
Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
María E. Arias*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Department of Agricultural Production Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
*
Author for correspondence: María Elena Arias Cea, Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Montevideo 0870, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile. Tel: +56 45 2596911. E-mail: mariaelena.arias@gmail.com
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Summary

Over the last decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to be implicated in a complex universal mechanism of communication between different cell types. EVs are nanostructures of lipid nature that have an exosomal or ectosomal biogenesis, responsible for the intercellular transport of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, ions, among other molecules. The content of EVs can vary due to various factors such as hormonal stimuli, non-physiological conditions, metabolic state, etc. Once EVs reach their target cell, they can modulate processes such as gene expression, metabolism, response to external factors, and can even be associated with the delivery of molecules involved in epigenetic inheritance processes in germ cells. In mammalian reproduction, EVs have been shown to play an important role, either in vivo or in vitro, modulating a variety of processes in sperm, oocytes and embryos, and in their respective environments. Moreover, EVs represent a biodegradable, harmless and specific vehicle, which makes them attractive allies to consider when improving assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Therefore, the present review aims to describe the content of the main EVs involved in mammalian reproduction and how they can vary due to different factors, as well as to detail how EVs modulate, directly or indirectly, different molecular processes in gametes and embryos. In addition, we will highlight the mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. We will also propose new perspectives according to the characteristics of each particular EV to improve the different ARTs.

Keywords

EmbryosExtracellular VesiclemiRNAOocytesSperm
Type
Review Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , August 2022 , pp. 440 - 463
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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