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Soluble sperm extract specifically recapitulates the initial phase of the Ca2+ response in the fertilized oocyte of P. occelata following a G-protein/ PLCβ signaling pathway

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2014

Takeshi Nakano  and
Keiichiro Kyozuka
Takeshi Nakano
Affiliation:
Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori, 039–3501, Japan.
Keiichiro Kyozuka*
Affiliation:
Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori, 039–3501, Japan.
*
All correspondence to: Keiichiro Kyozuka. Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori, 039–3501, Japan. Tel: +81 17 752 3397. Fax: +81 17 752 2765. E-mail: kkyozuka@m.tohoku.ac.jp
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Summary

Matured oocytes of the annelidan worm Pseudopotamilla occelata are fertilized at the first metaphase of the meiotic division. During the activation by fertilizing spermatozoa, the mature oocyte shows a two-step intracellular Ca2+ increase. Whereas the first Ca2+ increase is localized and appears to utilize the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive Ca2+ stores, the second Ca2+ increase is global and involves Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels on the entire surface of the oocyte. To study how sperm trigger the Ca2+ increases during fertilization, we prepared soluble sperm extract (SE) and examined its ability to induce Ca2+ increases in the oocyte. The SE could evoke a Ca2+ increase in the oocyte when it was added to the medium, but not when it was delivered by microinjection. However, the second-step Ca2+ increase leading to the resumption of meiosis did not follow in these eggs. Local application of SE induced a non-propagating Ca2+ increase and formed a cytoplasmic protrusion that was similar to that created by the fertilizing sperm at the first stage of the Ca2+ response, important for sperm incorporation into the oocyte. Our results suggest that the fertilizing spermatozoon may trigger the first-step Ca2+ increase before it fuses with the oocyte in a pathway that involves the G-protein-coupled receptor and phospholipase C. Thus, the first phase of the Ca2+ response in the fertilized egg of this species is independent of the second phase of the Ca2+ increase for egg activation.

Keywords

Annelida oocyteCa2+ functionCa2+ increaseEgg activationInositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)Sperm extract
Type
Research Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 23 , Issue 6 , December 2015 , pp. 821 - 835
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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