Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m8s7h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T12:15:38.286Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The use of NSP enzymes in poultry nutrition: myths and realities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2018

U. AFTAB  and
M.R. BEDFORD
U. AFTAB*
Affiliation:
AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
M.R. BEDFORD
Affiliation:
AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
*
Corresponding author: usama.aftab@abvista.com
Get access

Abstract

The use of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes has increased in recent years with most of the growth coming from the market segment which uses non-viscous diets. A variety of product choices are available to the feed industry. These range from mono-component, single enzymes, to cocktails of more than one activity, to so-called ‘complex’ enzymes, displaying, in addition to the main activity, several non-targeted (i.e. quality controlled or assured) activities within one product. The relative abundance of the substrate or the number of substrates presented by a given diet may not be viewed as the sole criterion for the fitness of an enzyme solution. An argument can be made that NSP enzymes should not be considered as classical digestive enzymes and any response may not be regarded simply as a function of the extent of in vitro or in vivo substrate hydrolysis. The idea of having additional non-NSP or NSP activities to ‘strengthen’ a xylanase response, as well as the notion ‘complex diet needs a complex enzyme’ appear to lack sufficient scientific backing. Measures based on alternative responses e.g. gut morphology, nutrient or energy digestibility, gut-flora and its metabolites or fermentation profiles, are useful in developing a wider understanding of the phenomenon but require careful interpretation as the stand-alone criteria of usefulness of an NSP enzyme. Performance data is always the ultimate judge of the efficacy of a feed enzyme. This review addresses the practical question of selecting an NSP enzyme. The aim is to discuss the data supporting some of the common views held in the industry today, and how these views significantly influence the process of selecting an NSP enzyme for commercial in-feed application.

Keywords

NSP enzymespoultryxylanasenon-viscous diets
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , June 2018 , pp. 277 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AFTAB, U. (2009) Utilisation of alternative protein meals with and without multiple-enzyme supplementation in broilers fed low-energy diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 18: 292-296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AFTAB, U. (2012) Exogenous carbohydrase in corn-soy diets for broilers. World's Poultry Science Journal 68: 447-464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AMERAH, A.M., ROMERO, L.F., AWATI, A. and RAVINDRAN, V. (2017) Effect of exogenous xylanase, amylase, and protease as single of combined activities on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers fed corn/soy diets. Poultry Science 96: 807-816.Google Scholar
AO, T., CANTOR, A.H., PESCATORE, A.J., FORD, M.J., PIERCE, J.L. and DAWSON, K.A. (2009) Effect of enzyme supplementation and acidification of broiler diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chicks. Poultry Science 88: 111-117.Google Scholar
BACH KNUDSEN, K.E. (1997) Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67: 319-338.Google Scholar
BAO, Y.M., ROMERO, L.F. and COWIESON, A.J. (2013) Functional patterns of exogenous enzymes in different feed ingredients. World's Poultry Science Journal 69: 759-774.Google Scholar
BEDFORD, M.R. and MORGAN, A.J. (1996) The use of enzymes in poultry diets. Worlds’ Poultry Science Journal 52: 61-68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHOCT, M., DERSJANT-LI, Y., MCLEISH, J. and PEISKER, M. (2010) Soy oligosaccharides and soluble non-starch polysaccharides: a review of digestion, nutritive and anti-nutritive effects in pigs and poultry. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 23: 1386-1398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHOCT, M., KOCHER, A., WATERS, D.L., PETTERSSON, D. and ROSS, G. (2004) A comparison of three xylanases on the nutritive value of two wheats for broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 92: 53-61.Google Scholar
CORI, C.F. (1925) Fate of sugar in the animal body, I. Rate of absorption of hexoses and pentoses from the intestinal tract. The Journal of Biological Chemistry LXVI No. 2: 691-714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
COURTIN, C.M. (2014) Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides produced with the use of xylanases: what are their benefits to health? In proceedings: International non-starch polysaccharide forum, Scotland, pp. 99-101.Google Scholar
COURTIN, C.M., BROEKAERT, W.F., SWENNEN, K., LESCROART, O., ONAGBESAN, O., BUYES, J., DECUYPERE, E., VAN DE WIELE, T., MARZORATI, M., VERSTRAETE, W., HUYGHEBAERT, G. and DELECOUR, J.A. (2008) Dietary inclusion of wheat bean arabinoxylooligosaccharides induces beneficial nutritional effects in chickens. Cereal Chemistry 85: 607-613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
COWIESON, A.J. and BEDFORD, M.R. (2009) The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastric diets: complementary mode of action? World's Poultry Science Journal 65: 609-624.Google Scholar
COWIESON, A.J. and BEDFORD, M.R. and RAVINDRAN, V. (2010) Interaction between xylanase and glucanase in maize-soy-based diets for broilers. British Poultry Science 51: 246-257.Google Scholar
COZANNET, P., KIDD, M.T., NETO, R.M. and GERAERT, P.A. (2017) Next-generation non-starch polysaccharide-degrading, multi-carbohydrase complex rich in xylanase and arabinofuranosidase to enhance broiler feed digestibility. Poultry Science 96: 2743-2750Google Scholar
GRACIA, M.I., ARANIBER, A.J., LAZARO, R., MEDEL, P. and MATEOS, G.G. (2003) α-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on corn. Poultry Science 82: 436-442.Google Scholar
GRAHAM, K.K., KERLEY, M.S., FIRMAN, J.D. and ALLEE, G.L. (2002) The effect of enzyme treatment of soybean meal on oligosaccharide disappearance and chick growth performance. Poultry Science 81: 1014-1019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GIUBERTI, G., GALL, A., MOSCHINI, M. and MASOERO, F. (2015) New insight into the role of resistant starch in pig nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 201: 1-13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LEE, S.A., APAJALAHTI, J., VIENOLA, K., GONZALEZ-ORTIZ, G., FONTES, C.M.G.A. and BEDFORD, M.R. (2017) Age and dietary xylanase supplementation affects ileal sugar residues and short chain fatty acid concentration in the ileum and caecum of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 234: 29-42.Google Scholar
MASEY O'NEILL, H.V., SMITH, J.A. and BEDFORD, M.R. (2014) Multicarbohydrase enzymes for non-ruminants. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 27: 290-301.Google Scholar
MENG, X. and SLOMINSKI, B.A. (2005) Nutritive value of corn, soybean meal, canola meal and peas for broiler chickens as affected by multi-carbohydrase preparation of cell wall degrading enzymes. Poultry Science 84: 1242-1251Google Scholar
MENG, X., SLOMINSKI, B.A., NYACHOTI, C.M., CAMPBELL, L.D. and GUENTER, W. (2005) Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effects on nutrient utilisation and broiler chicken performance. Poultry Science 84: 37-47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MOESER, A.J. (2016) What is gut health and how do you quantify/measure it? Proceedings Midwest Swine Meeting, Iowa, pp. 316-317.Google Scholar
MOK, C.H., LEE, J.H. and KIM, B.G. (2013) Effects of exogenous phytase and β-mannanase in corn-soybean meal diets on performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 186: 209-213.Google Scholar
MORAN, E.T. (1982) Starch digestion in fowl. Poultry Science 61: 1257-1267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MORAN, E.T. (1985) Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in fowl and event through perinatal development. Journal of Nutrition 115: 665-674.Google Scholar
NOY, Y. and SKLAN, D. (1995) Digestion and absorption in young chick. Poultry Science 74: 366-373.Google Scholar
OLUKOSI, O.A., BEESON, L.A., ENGLYST, K. and ROMERO, L.F. (2015) Effect of exogenous proteases without or with carbohydrases on nutrient digestibility and disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 94: 2662-2669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RAVN, J.L., MARTENS, H.J., PETTERSSON, D. and PEDERSEN, N.R. (2016) A commercial GH 11 xylanase mediates xylanases solubilisation and degradation in wheat, rye, and barley as demonstrated by microscopy techniques and wet chemistry methods. Animal Feed Science and Technology 219: 216-225.Google Scholar
REGASSA, A., KIARIE, E., SANDS, J.S., WALSH, M.S., KIM, W.K. and NYACHOTI, C.M. (2016) Nutritional and metabolic implications of replacing corn starch with D-xylose in broilers fed corn and soybean meal-based diet. Poultry Science 96: 388-396.Google Scholar
ROMERO, L.F., SAND, J.S., INDRAKUMAR, S.E., PLUMSTEAD, P.W., DALSGAARD, L. and RAVINDRAN, V. (2014) contribution of protein, starch, and fat to the apparent ileal starch digestible energy of corn- and wheat-based broiler diets in response to exogenous xylanase and amylase without or with protease. Poultry Science 93: 2501-2513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROSEN, G.D. (2010) Holo-analysis of the efficacy of exogenous enzyme performance in farm animal nutrition, in: BEDFORD, M.R. & PARTRIDGE, G.G. (Eds) Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition, 2nd Edition, pp. 273-303 (UK, CAB International).Google Scholar
SCHUTTE, B. (1990) Nutritional implications and metabolisable energy value of D-xylose and L-arabinose in chicks. Poultry Science 69: 1724-1730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SLOMINSKI, B.A., MENG, X., CAMPBELL, L.D., GUENTER, W. and JONES, O. (2006) Should oligosaccharides be considered an antinutritive factors and target substrate for enzyme use in broiler chicken diets? Abst. 95th Annual Poultry Science Meeting, pp. 128.Google Scholar
SMIRICKY-TJARDES, M.R., GRIESHOP, C.M., FLICKINGER, E.A., BAUER, L.L. and FAHEY, G.C. (2003) Dietary oligosaccharides affect ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibility, ileal and faecal bacterial concentrations, and ileal fermentative characteristics of growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81: 2535-2545.Google Scholar
STEFANELLO, C., VIEIRA, S.L., SANTIAGO, G.O., KINDLEIN, L., SORBARA, J.O.B. and COWIESON, A.J. (2015) Starch digestibility, energy utilisation, and growth performance of broilers fed corn-soybean based diets supplemented with enzymes. Poultry Science 94: 2472-2479.Google Scholar
SULTAN, A., GAN, Y.T., LI, X., ZHANG, D. and BRYDEN, W.L. (2011) Dietary enzyme combinations improve sorghum ileal protein and starch digestibility during the broiler starter phase. Proceedings Australian Poultry Science Symposium, Sydney, pp. 22-82Google Scholar
SVIHUS, B. (2014) Starch digestion capacity of poultry. Poultry Science 93: 2394-2399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TAHIR, M., SALEH, F., OHTSUKA, A. and HAYASHI, K. (2006) Pectinase plays and important role in stimulating digestibility of corn-soybean meal diet in broilers. The Journal of Poultry Science 43: 323-329.Google Scholar
TEN DOESCHATE, R.A.H.M., MASEY O'NEILL, H.V. and VAN DE BELT, K. (2015) Xylanase can improve performance of both a simple wheat/soya diet and a more complex diet in broilers. Proceedings Australian Poultry Science Symposium, Sydney, pp. 155.Google Scholar
VAHJEN, W., BUSCH, T. and SIMON, O. (2005) Study on the use of soybean meal polysaccharide degrading enzymes in broiler nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 120: 259-276.Google Scholar
VIEIRA, S.L., OTT, R.P., BERRES, J., OLMOS, A.R., CONEGLIAN, J.L.B. and FREITAS, D.M. (2006) Effect of mix of carbohydrases on live performance and carcass yield of broilers fed all vegetable diets on corn and soybean meal. International Journal of Poultry Science 5 (7): 662-665.Google Scholar
WALDROUP, P.W., FRITTS, C.A., KEEN, C.A. and YAN, F. (2005) The effect of alfa-galactosidase enzyme with or without Avizyme 1502 on performance of broilers fed diets based on corn and soybean meal. International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (12): 920-937.Google Scholar
WALDROUP, P.W., KEEN, C.A., YAN, F. and ZHANG, K. (2006) The effect of levels of α-galactosidase enzyme on performance of broilers fed diets based on corn and soybean meal. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15: 48-57.Google Scholar