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Factors Influencing the Phytotoxicity of Foliar Applications of Atrazine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

A. G. Dexter ,
O. C. Burnside  and
T. L. Lavy
A. G. Dexter
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
O. C. Burnside
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
T. L. Lavy
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
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Abstract

Among 12 of the more effective surfactants selected from a preliminary experiment, there were few differences in their ability to increase atrazine toxicity to large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), or in toxicity to large crabgrass and sorghum when used alone. Surfactants per se showed some toxicity to large crabgrass and sorghum. As large crabgrass increased in size, it became less susceptible to injury from atrazine plus dodecyl ether of polyethylene glycol (Surfactant WK). Early spraying with atrazine plus Surfactant WK reduced the top-growth yield of six grass species.

In field studies, atrazine alone and surfactants plus atrazine applied at the 1-in weed height gave very good early weed control. Field plots treated at the 4-in weed height generally produced more weed top-growth and less sorghum than plots treated at the 1-in height. Only the preemergence atrazine treatments gave weed yields that were equal to treatments that included handweeding. Sorghum injury from the surfactants was evidenced by reduced stover yields.

Atrazine plus surfactant toxicity to emerged large crabgrass, grown in growth chambers, increased with higher relative humidities. This was not true for sorghum. The 1% surfactant mixtures generally had a lower surface tension than the 0.1% concentrations although the differences were not great. Surface tension was not the main factor governing the phytotoxicity of foliar-applied atrazine solutions. Translocation of atrazine from sorghum and large crabgrass leaves dipped in a C14-ring-labeled atrazine solution was very slight or nonexistent.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weeds , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , July 1966 , pp. 222 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © 1966 Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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