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Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control with Reduced Rates of Dimethyl Disulfide in Combination with Totally Impermeable Film

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Theodore McAvoy  and
Joshua H. Freeman
Theodore McAvoy
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech University, Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA 23420
Joshua H. Freeman*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech University, Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA 23420
*
Corresponding author's E-mail address: joshfree@vt.edu
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Abstract

Methyl bromide (MBr) was widely used as a soil fumigant to manage pests in the planting bed prior to transplanting fresh market tomato; however, it has been banned by the United Nations Environment Programme. Alternatives to MBr must be implemented to sustain productivity in fresh market tomato. Dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin (DMDS : Pic) is a fumigant alternative to methyl bromide for the management of yellow nutsedge and other soil-borne pests in tomato. Fumigant costs, environmental concerns, and risk mitigation measures encourage reduced fumigant application rates. Virtually impermeable film (VIF) and totally impermeable film (TIF) provide greater fumigant retention than low density and high density polyethylene film, VIF and TIF can allow for reduced fumigant application rates while maintaining fumigant efficacy. The objectives of this research were to evaluate TIF with reduced rates of shank-applied DMDS : Pic (79 : 21 w/w) for the control of yellow nutsedge in tomato. Treatments included a standard rate of DMDS : Pic (468 L ha−1) under VIF and TIF, a high rate (561 L ha−1) under VIF, three reduced rates (187 L ha−1, 281 L ha−1, and 374 L ha−1) under TIF, and a nontreated control under TIF and VIF. Results indicated rates may be reduced from a standard 468 L ha−1 under VIF to 187 L ha−1 (67% reduction) under TIF while maintaining yellow nutsedge control and tomato yields. In addition, the results indicated that nontreated TIF managed yellow nutsedge better than nontreated VIF because of decreased penetration of the mulch by yellow nutsedge.

Methyl bromide (MBr) fue ampliamente usado como fumigante de suelo para manejar plagas en las camas de siembra previamente al trasplante de tomate para el mercado fresco. Sin embargo, este fumigante fue prohibido por el Programa para el Ambiente de las Naciones Unidas. Alternativas a MBr deben ser implementadas para mantener la productividad del tomate para mercado fresco. Dimethyl disulfide más chloropicrin (DMDS:Pic) es un fumigante alternativo a methyl bromide para el manejo de Cyperus esculentus y otras plagas de suelo del tomate. Los costos de fumigación, las preocupaciones ambientales, y las medidas de mitigación de riesgo promueven el uso de dosis reducidas en aplicaciones de fumigante. Coberturas plásticas con películas virtualmente impermeables (VIF) y totalmente impermeables (TIF) brindan mayor retención del fumigante que coberturas de polyethylene de baja y alta densidad, lo que permitiría el uso de dosis reducidas de fumigante al tiempo que se mantendría la eficacia del fumigante. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron evaluar TIF con dosis reducidas de DMDS:Pic (79:21 w/w) aplicadas con inyector de cincel para el control de C. esculentus en tomate. Los tratamientos incluyeron una dosis estándar de DMDS:Pic (468 L ha−1) bajo VIF y TIF, una dosis alta (561 L ha−1) bajo VIF, tres dosis reducidas (187 L ha−1, 281 L ha−1, y 371 L ha−1) bajo TIF, y un testigo sin tratamiento bajo TIF y VIF. Los resultados indicaron que las dosis pueden ser reducidas de 468 L ha−1 a 187 L ha−1 (una reducción del 67%) bajo TIF al tiempo que se mantienen el control de C. esculentus y el rendimiento del tomate. Adicionalmente, los resultados indicaron que en los testigos sin fumigación, el TIF controló mejor C. esculentus que VIF debido a una menor penetración de la maleza a través de la cobertura.

Keywords

Dimethyl disulfidechloropicrinyellow nutsedgeCyperus esculentus L.tomatoSolanum lycopersicum L.Fumigantretentionnutsedgemethyl bromide alternativesplasticultureweed control
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 515 - 519
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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