Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-06T23:16:45.963Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Toward Reduced Herbicide Rates and Adapted Weed Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Andreas Zoschke*
Affiliation:
Int. Field Dev., Res. and Dev. Weed Control. Ciba-Geigy AG. CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland

Abstract

Herbicides are an integral part of farmers' cultural practices worldwide. Growing concerns about agrochemical residues in the environment and in the food supply require a critical discussion about how to secure the environmental fitness of any weed management practice. Promising ways to minimize herbicide consumption include the introduction of new (low-rate) chemistries, the low-rate concept, innovative formulations, application timing, and a cropping systems approach. However, many questions with regard to crop/weed dynamics in different agricultural production systems require answers before final recommendations can be made, and the farmer has to occupy a central part of our considerations. Besides conducting more basic weed research to reduce herbicide rates, it will be equally important to integrate the efforts of all parties involved and to improve the communication with our customers, including the public, environmental interest groups, and politicians. To be widely accepted, weed management practices for the future have to be adapted such that the respective requirements of environment, society, and economics are fully met.

Type
Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Abernathy, J. R. 1992. Winds of change. Weed Technol. 6:760764.Google Scholar
2. Anon. 1963. Agricultural statistics 1963. U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC.Google Scholar
3. Anon. 1988. Pesticides: Helpful or harmful? American Council on Science and Health, New York, NY. 64 p.Google Scholar
4. Anon. 1988. Integrated Pest Management: A national plan for future direction. National IPM Coordinating Committee. p. 12.Google Scholar
5. Anon. 1989. Best Management Practices. WDATCP Tech. Bull. ARM-1, Univ. Wisconsin.Google Scholar
6. Anon. 1990. Agricultural resources: Inputs, situation, and outlook report 1990. Econ. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC, AR-17. 14 p.Google Scholar
7. Anon. 1990. Rice facts. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Manila, The Philippines. 2 p.Google Scholar
8. Anon. 1991. Agricultural chemical usage: Field crops summary 1990. Econ. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC, p. 1154.Google Scholar
9. Anon. 1991. Agricultural statistics 1991. U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC.Google Scholar
10. Ashton, F. M. and Monaco, T. J., eds. 1991. Weed Science: Principles and Practices. Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd Ed. 466 p.Google Scholar
11. Askew, M. F. 1991. Weed control in the developed world without chemicals: Implications for agriculture, agriculture-related industries, and consumers. Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf.-Weeds. 2:775788.Google Scholar
12. Barrett, M. and Witt, W. W. 1987. Alternative pest management practices, in Helsel, Z. R., ed., Energy in plant nutrition and pest control. Energy World Agric. 2:197234.Google Scholar
13. Ebner, L. 1982. Considerations on appropriate weed control concepts for developing economies in the tropics. Proc. Int. Conf. Plant Prot. Tropics. p. 465473.Google Scholar
14. Ellis, J. F. 1992. Herbicide development and marketing of weed control in the United States of America. Proc. 1 st Int. Weed Control Cong. Melbourne. Australia. 1:7482.Google Scholar
15. Fryer, J. D. and Evans, S. A. 1968. Weed Control Handbook. Vol. I, Principles. Br. Crop Prot. Counc. Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
16. Gummesson, G. 1985. Can the amount of herbicides be reduced? 26th Swedish Weed Conf. Uppsala, Sweden. 1:314318.Google Scholar
17. Holm, L. 1971. The role of weeds in human affairs. Weed Sci. 19:485490.Google Scholar
18. Kon, K. F., Hare, C. J., and Tiw, K. P. 1992. The role of herbicides for adapted weed management in conservation farming. Proc. 1st Int. Weed Control Cong. Melbourne, Australia. 2:257260.Google Scholar
19. Kupatt, C. C., Bassi, A. B. Jr., and Allemann, D. 1993. Future methods for controlling weeds, plant diseases, and insects. P. 545565 in Altman, J., ed., Pesticide Interaction in Crop Protection. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
20. Lehr, J. H. 1989. Factual, fictional, and ethical impacts on groundwater contamination in the United States. Ground Water 27:210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Leistra, M. and Boesten, J. J. T. I. 1989. Pesticide contamination of groundwater in Western Europe. Agric., Ecosys., Environ. 26:369389.Google Scholar
22. McWorther, C. G. and Barrentine, W. L. 1988. Research priorities in weed science. Weed Technol. 2:211.Google Scholar
23. Osteen, C. D. and Symedra, P. I. 1989. Agricultural pesticide use trends and policy issues. Agricultural Economic Report 622. Econ. Res. Serv. U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC.Google Scholar
24. Pike, D. R., McGlamery, M. D., and Knake, E. L. 1991. A case study of herbicide use. Weed Technol. 5:639646.Google Scholar
25. Quadranti, M. and Williams, R. J. 1990. Trends in weed control technology. 3ème Cycle d'Etudes de l'Université de Berne, Gwatt, Switzerland. 5 p.Google Scholar
26. Ritter, W. F. 1990. Pesticide contamination of groundwater in the United States—A Review. J. Environ. Sci. Health. B25:129.Google Scholar
27. Schweizer, E. E. 1988. New technological developments to reduce groundwater contamination by herbicides. Weed Technol. 2:223227.Google Scholar
28. Thill, D. C., Lish, J. M., Callihan, R. H., and Bechinski, E. J. 1991. Integrated Weed Management—a component of integrated pest management: A critical review. Weed Technol. 5:648656.Google Scholar
29. Wallace, R. W. and Bellinder, R. R. 1990. Low-rate applications of herbicides in conventional and reduced tillage potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 4:509513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Watson, A. K. 1992. Biological and other alternative control measures. Proc. 1st Int. Weed Control Cong. Melbourne, Australia. 1:6473.Google Scholar
31. Williams, R. J. 1991. Management of weeds in 2000. Seminar on Test management and the environment in the year 2000.' Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 25 p.Google Scholar
32. Zoschke, A., Ebner, L., and Quadranti, M. 1992. Conservation farming in Malaysia—first experiences with alley cropping. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Plant Prot. Tropics. Genting Highlands, Malaysia. 1990. 6:272283.Google Scholar