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Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) Can Survive and Reproduce in 30-cm Flood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rakesh K. Godara ,
Billy J. Williams  and
Eric P. Webster
Rakesh K. Godara*
Affiliation:
School of Plant Soil and Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Billy J. Williams
Affiliation:
Scott Research/Extension Center, 212-B Macon Ridge Road, Winnsboro, LA 71295
Eric P. Webster
Affiliation:
School of Plant Soil and Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rkgodara@gmail.com
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Abstract

Texasweed is an annual broadleaf plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family and is an emerging problem in southern U.S. rice fields. Field studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effect of flood depth on Texasweed survival and growth. The trearments were five flood depths: 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 cm and two Texasweed growth stages: two- to three-leaf stage and four- to five-leaf stage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split-plot design with three replications. Flooding conditions were created by placing potted plants in 1.3 m by 0.7 m by 0.7 m polyvinyl chloride troughs. The effect of flood depth on Texasweed growth and fruit production was evaluated using ANOVA and regression analysis. Texasweed plants were able to survive in floods up to 30 cm; however, growth and fruit production were reduced. Increasing flood depths resulted in increased plant height and greater biomass allocation to stem. Texasweed plants produced adventitious roots and a thick spongy tissue, secondary aerenchyma, in the submerged roots and stem, which may play a role in its survival under flooded conditions. The recommended flood depth for rice in Louisiana is 5 to 10 cm. A 10-cm flood in the present study caused about 30 and 15% biomass reduction in two- to three-leaf and four- to five-leaf stage Texasweed, respectively. The results, thus, suggest that flooding alone may not be a viable option for Texasweed management in drill-seeded rice. However, appropriate manipulation of flooding could enhance the effectiveness of POST herbicides. This aspect needs further investigation.

La Caperonia palustris es una planta anual de hoja ancha perteneciente a la familia Euphorbiaceae y es un problema emergente en los arrozales del sur de los Estados Unidos. Para estudiar el efecto de la inundación profunda en la supervivencia y el crecimiento de C. palustris, se realizaron estudios de campo en 2008 y 2009. Los tratamientos se hicieron a cinco profundidades de inundación: 0, 10, 15, 20 y 30 cm, y en dos etapas de crecimiento: dos a tres hojas y cuatro a cinco hojas. El experimento se realizó utilizando un diseño de parcela dividida, completamente al azar con tres réplicas. Las condiciones de inundación fueron creadas colocando plantas en macetas en canaletas de PVC de 1.3 m × 0.7 m × 0.7 m. El efecto de la profundidad de inundación en el crecimiento y la producción de frutos de C. palustris fue evaluada usando ANOVA y un análisis de regresión. Las plantas de C. palustris sobrevivieron en inundaciones de hasta 30 cm; sin embargo, el crecimiento y la producción del fruto se redujeron. Al incrementar las profundidades de inundación se incrementó también la altura de la planta y la localización de la biomasa hacia el tallo. Las plantas de C. palustris produjeron raíces adventicias y un tejido esponjoso grueso (aerénquima secundario) en las raíces y tallos sumergidos, los cuales podrían contribuir a su supervivencia bajo condiciones de inundación. La profundidad de inundación recomendada para el arroz en Luisiana es de 5 a 10 cm. Una inundación de 10 cm en el presente estudio causó aproximadamente 30 y 15% de reducción de la biomasa en las etapas de dos a tres y de cuatro a cinco hojas de la maleza, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, los resultados sugieren que la inundación por sí sola puede no ser una opción viable para el manejo de C. palustris en el arroz. Sin embargo, una manipulación apropiada de la inundación podría mejorar la eficacia de los herbicidas posemergentes. Este aspecto requiere más investigación.

Keywords

Texasweed, Caperonia palustris (L.) St. Hil. CNPPArice, Oryza sativa L. ORYSAFloodingweed controlphellemsecondary aerenchyma
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 667 - 673
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: P.O. Box 438, Northeast Research Station, Saint Joseph, LA 71366.

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