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Soil Residues Following Repeat Applications of Diuron, Simazine, and Terbacil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Thomas J. Tworkoski ,
William V. Welker  and
George D. Vass
Thomas J. Tworkoski*
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430
William V. Welker
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430
George D. Vass
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: ttworkos@afrs.ars.usda.gov.
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Abstract

Diuron, simazine, and terbacil were applied in field plots annually from 1981 to 1995. Soil was sampled at selected times after herbicide application in 1993, 1994, and 1995 to determine herbicide residue changes with time and soil depth. Diuron residues were found mainly in the upper 20 cm of soil; residue concentration decreased exponentially with time. Less than 1% of the initial concentration after application in summer was present the following spring. Terbacil residues were found in soil below the upper 20 cm. Terbacil degraded more slowly than diuron, and residues in spring were less than 30% the level of the previous summer. Simazine plus hydroxysimazine soil residues were present in all depths to 100 cm and were higher than diuron or terbacil at these depths. Simazine plus hydroxysimazine residues in spring were nearly 40% the level of the previous summer. With all three herbicides, soil residues were greatest in the upper 20 cm of soil during 2 to 3 wk following application. Data confirmed that diuron did not leach, whereas simazine can migrate through the soil. Terbacil migrated intermediately in depth relative to diuron and simazine. After 15 annual applications, herbicide residues were present but were not accumulating.

Keywords

Diuron, N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylureasimazine, 6-chloro-N,N′-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminedesethylsimazine, 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-amino-s-triazinedi-desethylsimazine, 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazinehydroxysimazine, 2-hydroxy-4,6-bis(ethyl-amino)-s-triazineterbacil, 5-chloro-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedioneHerbicide movementDAT, days after herbicide treatmentGC-MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometryHPLC-PDA, high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detectorMS, mass spectrometryODS, octadecyl silaneSFE, supercritical fluid extraction
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , March 2000 , pp. 191 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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