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Resistance in smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis) to an acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide in rice: first case in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2021

Vijay K. Choudhary*
Affiliation:
Senior Scientist, ICAR–Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Seshadri S. Reddy
Affiliation:
Weed Scientist, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, USA
Subhash K. Mishra
Affiliation:
Project Fellow, ICAR–Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Bhumesh Kumar
Affiliation:
Principal Scientist, ICAR–Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
Yogita Gharde
Affiliation:
Scientist, ICAR–Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Sunil Kumar
Affiliation:
Principal Biologist, Corteva AgriScience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Mayank Yadav
Affiliation:
Head, Integrated Field Science, South Asia, Corteva AgriScience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Suhrid Barik
Affiliation:
Field Scientist, Corteva AgriScience, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
P. K. Singh
Affiliation:
Principal Scientist, ICAR–Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
*
Author for correspondence: Vijay K. Choudhary, ICAR–Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 482004. (Email: ind_vc@rediffmail.com)

Abstract

Smallflower umbrella sedge is one of the most problematic weeds in direct-seeded rice in India. Bispyribac-sodium (acetolactate synthase [ALS]-inhibiting herbicide) is commonly used in rice, but growers have recently reported lack of smallflower umbrella sedge control with this herbicide. An extensive survey was carried out in two rice-growing states, Chhattisgarh and Kerala, where 53 putative bispyribac-sodium-resistant (BR) biotypes were collected. Studies were conducted to confirm resistance to bispyribac-sodium and to test the efficacy of the newly developed synthetic auxin herbicide florpyrauxifen-benzyl on putative BR biotypes. A whole-plant bioassay revealed that bispyribac-sodium is no longer effective. Of 53 putative BR biotypes, 17 biotypes survived the recommended label rate of 25 g ai ha−1. The effective bispyribac-sodium rate required to control 50% of the plants in most of the BR biotypes (ED50) ranged from 19 to 96 g ha−1, whereas it was 10 g ha−1 in a susceptible biotype. In two highly resistant biotypes, the ED50 was beyond the maximum tested rate, 200 g ha−1. This suggests 2- to >20-fold resistance in BR biotypes. An ALS enzyme activity assay suggests an altered target site as mechanism of resistance to bispyribac-sodium. This study confirms the first case of evolved resistance to bispyribac-sodium in smallflower umbrella sedge in India. However, the newly developed synthetic auxin florpyrauxifen-benzyl effectively controlled all BR biotypes at the field use rate of 31.25 g ai ha−1.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Jason Bond, Mississippi State University

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