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Relationship between Temperature and Heat Duration on Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Virginia Buttonweed (Diodia virginiana), and Cock's-Comb Kyllinga (Kyllinga squamulata) Seed Mortality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jared A. Hoyle  and
J. Scott McElroy
Jared A. Hoyle*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849
J. Scott McElroy
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jah0040@auburn.edu
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Abstract

Thermal heat has been utilized for nonselective weed control methods. These methods are highly variable in application and efficacy. One effective weed–seed-control determining factor is achieving the thermal death point of targeted weed seeds. The thermal death point varies by weed species, temperature, and exposure time. Our objective was to determine the thermal death point of large crabgrass, cock's-comb kyllinga, and Virginia buttonweed at short thermal exposure periods. Studies conducted utilized 5 and 20 s exposure periods for incremental range, 60 to 250 C temperatures. Sigmoid regression curves were used to predict weed seed mortality by temperature and exposure time. A significant interaction between exposure period and temperature occurred for each weed species. Weed species increased in susceptibility to 20 s thermal heat as follows: Virginia buttonweed < cock's-comb kyllinga < large crabgrass. Increasing thermal exposure time from 5 to 20 s reduced thermal temperature by 21 C to achieve 50% mortality for large crabgrass and by 10 C for cock's-comb kyllinga. Virginia buttonweed achieved 50% mortality at 99 C for 5 and 20 s exposure periods. These data indicate that at least 50% weed seed mortality can be achieved at 99 and 103 C for 20 and 5 s exposure periods, respectively, for these weed species.

El calor termal ha sido utilizado en métodos de control no-selectivo de malezas. Estos métodos son altamente variables en aplicación y eficacia. Un factor determinante del control de semillas de malezas es el poder alcanzar el punto de muerte termal de las semillas de las malezas objetivo. El punto de muerte termal varía según la especie de malezas, la temperatura y el tiempo de exposición. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el punto de muerte termal de Digitaria sanguinalis, Kyllinga squamulata y Diodia virginiana bajo períodos cortos de exposición termal. Los estudios realizados utilizaron períodos de exposición de 5 y 20 s en un rango incremental de temperatura de 60 a 250 C. Curvas de regresión sigmoide fueron usadas para predecir la mortalidad de las semillas de las malezas según la temperatura y el tiempo de exposición. Una interacción significativa ocurrió entre el tiempo de exposición y la temperatura para cada especie. Las especies de malezas incrementaron en susceptibilidad a 20 s de calor termal como se describe a continuación: D. virginiana < K. squamulata < D. sanguinalis. Al incrementarse la exposición termal de 5 a 20 s se redujo la temperatura termal en 21 C para alcanzar 50% de mortalidad de D. sanguinalis y en 10 C para K. squamulata. D. virginiana alcanzó 50% de mortalidad a 99 C en períodos de exposición de 5 y 20 s. Estos datos indican que al menos 50% de la mortalidad de las semillas de malezas puede ser alcanzada a 99 y 103 C para períodos de exposición de 20 y 5 s, respectivamente, para estas especies de malezas.

Keywords

Large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop DIGSAVirginia buttonweed, Diodia virginiana L. DIQVIcock's-comb kyllinga, Kyllinga squamulata Thonn. ex Vahl, KYSQThermal seed deaththermal weed controlweed seed mortality
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , December 2012 , pp. 800 - 806
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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