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Potential Pollen and Seed Production from Early- and Late-Emerging Common Ragweed in Corn and Soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Marie-Josée Simard  and
Diane Lyse Benoit
Marie-Josée Simard*
Affiliation:
Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, QC G1V 2J3, Canada
Diane Lyse Benoit
Affiliation:
Horticulture Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: marie-josee.simard@agr.gc.ca
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Abstract

Despite the abundance of common ragweed in crops and the potency of ragweed pollen as an allergen, pollen production in agricultural fields has hardly been evaluated. Our goal was to evaluate pollen and seed production of early- (i.e., plants missed by weed control) and late- (i.e., after weed control) emerging common ragweed growing in corn and soybean. Allocation and gender distribution were also evaluated. The experiment included 2 yr (2008, 2009), three competition treatments, two seeding/emergence dates, three densities, and four replicates. Competition treatments (main plots) included no crop or weeds (bare), corn, or soybean. Crops were glyphosate resistant. Subplots were seeded with common ragweed before or after glyphosate application at densities of 1 (4 m−2), 3 (12 m−2), or 6 (24 m−2) plants per plot. Ragweed plants were harvested in mid-October and measured (aboveground biomass, length of all male inflorescences, stem diameter, and seed production). Based on our estimates, mean (backtransformed from ln[x + 1]) pollen production values were: 6.25 (bare), 0.74 (corn), and 1.13 (soybean) × 108 pollen grains per ragweed. Biomass and diameter were good predictors of ragweed male and female fitness. Plant height was not correlated with maleness. In crops, ragweed gender distribution was shifted toward maleness. Estimations indicate early-emerging (June 18 to 23) ragweed produced three times more pollen than late (July 7 to 11) plants.

A pesar de la abundancia de Ambrosia artemisiifolia en los cultivos y la potencia del polen de esta maleza como alérgeno, la producción del polen en campos agrícolas ha sido poco evaluada. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la producción de polen y semillas de plantas de A. artemisiifolia de emergencia temprana (ej. plantas que escaparon al control de malezas) y tardía (después del control de malezas) presentes en maíz y soya. También se evaluó la distribución de biomasa y energía según el género. El experimento incluyó dos años (2008 y 2009), tres tratamientos de competencia, dos fechas de siembra/emergencia, tres densidades y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos de competencia (parcelas principales) incluyeron: ningún cultivo o maleza (descubierto); maíz o soya. Los cultivos fueron resistentes al glifosato. Las sub-parcelas se sembraron con A. artemisiifolia antes o después de las aplicaciones de glifosato a densidades de: 1 (4 m−2), 3 (12 m−2) o 6 (24 m−2) plantas por parcela. Las plantas de A. artemisiifolia se cosecharon a mediados de octubre y se midió la biomasa aérea, el largo de todas las inflorescencias masculinas, el diámetro del tallo y la producción de semillas. Basado en nuestras estimaciones, los valores medios de producción de polen (retro-transformados de In (x+1)), fueron 6.25 (descubierto), 0.74 (maíz) y 1.13 (soya) × 108 granos de polen por planta de A. artemisiifolia. La biomasa y el diámetro fueron buenos indicadores del vigor masculino y femenino de la maleza. La altura de la planta no estuvo correlacionada con la masculinidad. En cultivos, la distribución de género de A. artemisiifolia fue desplazada hacia la masculinidad. Las estimaciones indican que plantas que emergieron temprano (junio 18 a 23) produjeron tres veces más polen que las que emergieron tarde (julio 7 al 11).

Keywords

Glyphosatecommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBELcorn, Zea mays L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrAllergypollinosisgender allocationmalenessemergence date
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 510 - 516
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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