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Phenotypic Plasticity of Blistering Ammannia (Ammannia baccifera) in Competition with Direct-Seeded Rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: b.chauhan@irri.org
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Abstract

Crop interference and weed-competitive cultivars are a component of integrated weed management, but their use requires understanding the extent to which rice can interfere with weed growth and how weeds may respond to rice interference. Growth of blistering ammannia was studied in a screen house by growing it alone or with rice seeded in rows (20 cm) or broadcast at the rate of 25 and 75 kg ha−1. The growth of blistering ammannia was similar whether grown with rice seeding rates of 25 or 75 kg ha−1 or with broadcast or row-seeded rice, suggesting that the weed is a weak competitor if rice is planted uniformly. Rice interference greatly reduced the number of blistering ammannia leaves and leaf, stem, total shoot, and root biomass. However, the weed showed the ability to reduce the effects of rice interference by increasing leaf and stem biomass in the upper half of the plant, and increasing specific stem length. At 11 wk after planting, blistering ammannia had 71 to 80% leaf biomass in the upper half of the plant when grown with rice interference compared with only 29% when grown without rice interference. Despite such plasticity, blistering ammannia shoot and root biomass at final harvest decreased by 94 to 99% when grown with rice compared with its biomass without crop interference. These results suggest that blistering ammannia is a poor competitor and uniform rice density could be very effective in suppressing blistering ammannia in direct-seeded rice systems.

La interferencia del cultivo y los cultivares competitivos contra las malezas son componentes del manejo integrado de malezas, pero su uso requiere un entendimiento del nivel al que el arroz puede interferir con el crecimiento de las malezas y cómo las malezas podrían responder a la interferencia del arroz. El crecimiento de Ammannia baccifera fue estudiado en un invernadero creciendo esta maleza sola o con arroz sembrado en líneas (20 cm) o al voleo a una densidad de 25 y 75 kg ha−1. El crecimiento de A. baccifera fue similar, ya fuera creciendo con arroz a densidades de 25 ó 75 kg ha−1 o con arroz sembrado en líneas o al voleo, lo que sugiere que la maleza es débil compitiendo si el arroz es sembrado uniformemente. La interferencia del arroz redujo considerablemente el número de hojas, y la biomasa de la hoja, el tallo, el total del tejido aéreo y de la raíz. Sin embargo, la maleza mostró la habilidad de reducir los efectos de la interferencia del arroz al incrementar la biomasa de la hoja y el tallo en la mitad superior de la planta, además de incrementar el largo específico del tallo. A 11 semanas después de la siembra, A. baccifera tenía 71a 80% biomasa foliar en la mitad superior de la planta cuando creció con interferencia del arroz en comparación con solamente 29% cuando creció sin interferencia. A pesar de esta plasticidad, la biomasa de la parte aérea y de las raíces de A. baccifera, al momento de la cosecha final, se redujo en 94 a 99% cuando creció con el arroz en comparación con su biomasa sin interferencia del cultivo. Estos resultados sugieren que A. baccifera es un competidor pobre y una densidad uniforme del arroz podría ser muy efectiva en suprimir esta maleza en sistemas de arroz de siembra directa.

Keywords

Blistering ammannia, Ammannia baccifera L.rice, Oryza sativa L.Allocationbiomassdirect-seeded riceinterferencelight
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , June 2013 , pp. 373 - 377
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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