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Interspecific Differences in Weed Susceptibility to Steam Injury

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ramon G. Leon  and
Dylan T. Ferreira
Ramon G. Leon*
Affiliation:
Universidad EARTH, Apartado 4442-1000, San Jose, Costa Rica
Dylan T. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Horticulture and Crop Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rleon@earth.ac.cr.
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Abstract

Thermal weed control methods have been incorporated into weed control programs in organic and conventional production systems. Flaming is commonly used, but steaming has been proposed to increase efficiency of heat transfer to weeds and reduce the risk of fire. The objective of this research was to measure injury to leaves of plant species that differ in leaf morphology and to measure injury to plants at different stages of plant development. The study was conducted in a glasshouse and plants were exposed to steaming at 400 C for 0.36 s—equivalent to a steaming speed of 2 km/h. Overall, leaf thickness was the best morphological characteristic to predict injury ( = 0.51), with greater thickness resulting in less injury. For broadleaf species only, species with wider leaves were injured more than species with narrower leaves ( = 0.64). Injury was greatest when plants had fewer than six true leaves and when their shoots were less than 10 cm long. There was a wide range of injury across species, and the grass species bermudagrass and perennial ryegrass were injured (68 to 81%) more than other species such as common purslane and English daisy (23 to 34%). Biomass of all species tested was reduced by approximately 40%, indicating that leaf injury was not the sole effect of steaming on plant growth. These results indicated that considering both visual estimates of injury and morphological characteristics is important to properly assess thermal weed control effectiveness.

Keywords

Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Perscommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea L.English daisy, Bellis perennis L.perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.Alternative weed managementsteamingheatflamingorganicphysicalthermalweed control
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , December 2008 , pp. 719 - 723
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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