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Influence of Metsulfuron-Containing Herbicides and Application Timings on Tall Fescue Seedhead Production and Forage Yield

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bryan C. Sather ,
Craig A. Roberts  and
Kevin W. Bradley
Bryan C. Sather
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Craig A. Roberts
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Kevin W. Bradley*
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: bradleyke@missouri.edu
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Abstract

Field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to investigate the effects of metsulfuron-containing herbicides on tall fescue growth, seedhead production, yield, and forage nutritive value. Several rates of metsulfuron-containing products and picloram plus 2,4-D were applied to a weed-free tall fescue hay field in the early spring vegetative, late spring boot, and late summer dormancy stages of growth. Compared to the nontreated control, applying metsulfuron-containing herbicides to vegetative tall fescue reduced plant height by 13 to 40% whereas boot-stage applications of these same herbicides reduced height by 28 to 45%. Metsulfuron-containing herbicides reduced seedhead density from 14 to 61% when applied to vegetative tall fescue, and from 53 to 88% when applied at the boot stage. Metsulfuron plus 2,4-D plus dicamba (0.01 + 0.40 + 0.14 kg ai ha−1) was the only metsulfuron-containing treatment applied at the vegetative application timing that did not reduce tall fescue seedheads or yield when compared to the nontreated control. Vegetative-stage applications of metsulfuron-containing herbicides reduced tall fescue yields by 33 to 63%, whereas boot-stage applications reduced yields by 15 to 35%. Picloram plus 2,4-D did not reduce tall fescue height, seedhead density, or yield when applied at either timing. Tall fescue crude protein (CP) concentration was greater in response to the vegetative compared to boot-stage herbicide applications, and vegetative-stage applications of metsulfuron-containing herbicides increased CP concentration of tall fescue by 1.5 to 3.4% compared to the nontreated control. Results from these experiments indicate that spring applications of metsulfuron-containing herbicides can be utilized to reduce tall fescue seedhead production and increase CP content of tall fescue pastures and hay fields, but summer applications of these same herbicide treatments will have only limited effects on yield, nutritive values, or seedhead density of tall fescue harvested in the fall or the spring following treatment.

En 2009 y 2010 se realizaron estudios de campo para investigar los efectos de herbicidas que contienen metsulfuron sobre el crecimiento, producción de inflorescencias, rendimiento y valor nutritivo de Schedonorus phoenix. Varias dosis de picloram más 2,4-D y de productos que contienen metsulfuron se aplicaron a campos de S. phoenix para producción de heno y libres de malezas, en los estados de crecimiento: vegetativo temprano en primavera, producción de tallo floral tarde en la primavera, y latencia tarde en el verano. Al comparar con el testigo sin tratamiento, al aplicar herbicidas que contienen metsulfuron a S. phoenix en estado vegetativo se redujo la altura de las plantas de 13 a 40% mientras que aplicaciones con estos mismos herbicidas durante el estado de tallo floral redujo la altura de 28 a 45%. Herbicidas con metsulfuron redujeron la densidad de inflorescencias entre 14 y 61% cuando se aplicaron en el estado vegetativo y entre 53 y 88% cuando se aplicaron durante la producción del tallo floral. Metsulfuron más 2,4-D más dicamba (0.01 + 0.40 + 0.14 kg ai ha−1) fue el único tratamiento con metsulfuron aplicado en el estado vegetativo que no redujo la producción de inflorescencias o el rendimiento en comparación con el testigo no-tratado. Aplicaciones de herbicidas que contienen metsulfuron, durante el estado vegetativo, redujeron el rendimiento de S. phoenix entre 33 y 63%, mientras que las aplicaciones hechas durante la producción del tallo floral redujeron el rendimiento entre 15 y 35%. Picloram más 2,4-D no redujo la altura, la densidad de inflorescencias o el rendimiento de S. phoenix sin importar el momento de aplicación. La concentración de proteína cruda (CP) de S. phoenix fue mayor en respuesta a las aplicaciones en estado vegetativo que durante la producción del tallo floral. Además, las aplicaciones de herbicidas que contienen metsulfuron durante el estado vegetativo incrementaron la concentración de CP entre 1.5 y 3.4% al compararse con el testigo no-tratado. Los resultados de estos experimentos indican que aplicaciones durante la primavera de herbicidas que contienen metsulfuron pueden ser utilizadas para reducir la producción de inflorescencias e incrementar el contenido de CP de pastos y campos de heno de S. phoenix, pero las aplicaciones durante el verano de estos mismos herbicidas tendrán solamente efectos limitados sobre el rendimiento, valor nutritivo, o densidad de inflorescencias de S. phoenix cosechado en el otoño o la primavera siguiente al tratamiento.

Keywords

2,4-D, dicamba, metsulfuron, picloramtall fescue, Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub, FESARSeedhead reductionforage improvementforage qualitypastureshay lands
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 2013 , pp. 34 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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