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Herbicide selection to terminate grass, legume, and brassica cover crop species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2019

Kara B. Pittman Open the ORCID record for Kara B. Pittman [Opens in a new window] ,
Charles W. Cahoon Open the ORCID record for Charles W. Cahoon [Opens in a new window] ,
Kevin W. Bamber ,
Lucas S. Rector  and
Michael L. Flessner Open the ORCID record for Michael L. Flessner [Opens in a new window]
Kara B. Pittman
Affiliation:
Research Associate, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Charles W. Cahoon
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Painter, VA, USA (current affiliation: Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA)
Kevin W. Bamber
Affiliation:
Senior Research Specialist, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Lucas S. Rector
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Michael L. Flessner*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Michael L. Flessner, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 675 Old Glade Rd., Blacksburg, VA 24061. Email: flessner@vt.edu
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Abstract

Cover crops provide a number of agronomic benefits, including weed suppression, which is important as cases of herbicide resistance continue to rise. To effectively suppress weeds, high cover crop biomass is needed, which necessitates later termination timing. Cover crop termination is important to mitigate potential planting issues and prevent surviving cover crop competition with cash crops. Field studies were conducted in Virginia to determine the most effective herbicide options alone or combined with glyphosate or paraquat to terminate a range of cover crop species. Results revealed that grass cover crop species were controlled (94% to 98%) by glyphosate alone 4 wk after application (WAA). Overall, legume species varied in response to the single active-ingredient treatments, and control increased with the addition of glyphosate or paraquat. Mixes with glyphosate provided better control of crimson clover and hairy vetch by 7% to 8% compared with mixes containing paraquat 4 WAA. Mix partner did not influence control of Austrian winter pea. No treatment adequately controlled rapeseed in this study, with a maximum of 58% control observed with single active-ingredient treatments and 62% control with mixes. Height reduction for all cover crop species supports visible rating data. Rapeseed should be terminated when smaller, which could negate weed suppressive benefits from this cover crop species. Growers should consider herbicide selection and termination timing in their cover crop plan to ensure effective termination.

Keywords

Aaron Hager, University of IllinoisGlyphosateparaquatcrimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa RothAustrian winter pea, Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum var. arvenserapeseed, Brassica napus L.Mixescereal ryecereal grainsannual ryegrass
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 48 - 54
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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