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Herbicide Options for Weed Control in Dry-Seeded Aromatic Rice in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gulshan Mahajan  and
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Gulshan Mahajan
Affiliation:
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Bhagirath S. Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: b.chauhan@irri.org
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Abstract

The looming water crisis and shortage of labor during rice transplanting in northwest India have led researchers to develop alternative methods to transition away from puddled transplanted rice. In this context, dry-seeded rice (DSR) is emerging as an efficient production technology to replace puddled transplanted rice. Weeds, however, are the main biological constraints to its success. A study comprising 12 treatments was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PRE (pendimethalin and pyrazosulfuron) and POST herbicides (bispyribac, penoxsulam, and azimsulfuron) applied either alone or in a sequence for weed control in dry-seeded fine rice cv. ‘Punjab Mehak 1’. Results indicated that the single application of pendimethalin (750 g ai ha−1) PRE, pyrazosulfuron (15 g ai ha−1) PRE, bispyribac-sodium (25 g ai ha−1) POST, penoxsulam (25 g ai ha−1) POST, and azimsulfuron (20 g ai ha−1) POST reduced total weed biomass by 75, 68, 73, 70, and 72%, respectively, compared with the nontreated control at flowering stage of the crop. Azimsulfuron POST and pyrazosulfuron PRE proved effective against purple nutsedge and crowfootgrass, respectively. Chinese sprangletop, large crabgrass, and junglerice were effectively controlled with pendimethalin PRE. POST application of bispyribac-sodium and penoxsulam provided effective control of rice flatsedge. Compared to the nontreated control, grain yield following the single application of pendimethalin PRE, pyrazosulfuron PRE, bispyribac-sodium POST, penoxsulam POST, and azimsulfuron POST increased by 149, 119, 138, 124, and 144%, respectively. The sequential application of herbicides proved better than single applications. The lowest weed biomass was observed with the sequential application of pendimethalin PRE followed by azimsulfuron POST, and rice yielded 228% more than the nontreated control following this treatment. The results of this study are important for farmers growing DSR in making decisions regarding the application of POST herbicides, according to existing weed flora in the field.

La creciente crisis por escasez de agua y de mano de obra durante el trasplante de arroz en el noroeste de India ha llevado a los investigadores a desarrollar métodos alternativos para cambiar las prácticas de trasplante en lodo. En este contexto, el uso de siembra de arroz en seco (DSR) está surgiendo como una tecnología de producción eficiente para remplazar el trasplante de arroz en lodo. Sin embargo, las malezas son uno de los impedimentos biológicos más importantes para el éxito de esta tecnología. Se realizó un estudio compuesto de 12 tratamientos para evaluar la eficacia de herbicidas PRE (pendimethalin y pyroxasulfuron) y POST (bispyribac, penoxsulam, y azimsulfuron) aplicados ya sea solos o en secuencia para el control de malezas en arroz fino cv. ‘Punjab Mehak 1′ sembrado en seco. Los resultados indicaron que una sola aplicación PRE de pendimethalin (750 g ai ha−1), PRE de pyrazosulfuron (15 g ai ha−1), POST de bispyribac-sodium (25 g ai ha−1), POST de penoxsulam (25 g ai ha−1), y POST de azimsulfuron (20 g ai ha−1), redujo la biomasa total de malezas en 75, 68, 73, 70, y 72%, respectivamente, al compararse con el testigo no-tratado en el estado de floración del cultivo. Azimsulfuron POST y pyrazosulfuron PRE probaron ser efectivos contra Cyperus rotundus y Dacyloctenium aegyptium, respectivamente. Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis y Echinochloa colona fueron controlados efectivamente con pendimethalin PRE. La aplicación POST de bispyribac-sodium y penoxsulam brindó un control efectivo de Cyperus iria. Al compararse con el testigo no-tratado, el rendimiento en grano después de una sola aplicación de pendimenthalin PRE, pyrazosulfuron PRE, bispyribac-sodium POST, penoxsulam POST, y azimsulfuron POST aumentó en 149, 119, 138, 124, y 144%, respectivamente. La aplicación secuencial de herbicidas probó ser mejor que las aplicaciones solas. La menor biomasa de malezas se observó con la aplicación secuencial de pendimethalin PRE seguido por azimsulfuron POST, y el arroz rindió 228% más que el testigo no-tratado. Los resultados de este estudio son importantes para los productores usando DSR y que toman decisiones en relación a la aplicación POST de herbicidas, según la flora de malezas existente en el campo.

Keywords

Azimsulfuronbispyribac-sodiumpendimethalinpenoxsulampyrazosulfuronChinese sprangletopLeptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees LEFCHcrowfootgrassDactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. DTTAEjunglericeEchinichloa colona (L.) Link ECHCOlarge crabgrassDigitaria sanguinalis (L.) ScopDIGSApurple nutsedgeCyperus rotundus L. CYPROrice flatsedgeCyperus iria L. CYPIRriceOryza sativa L.Asiaweed controlweed densityweed biomassyield
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 682 - 689
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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