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Growth, Reproductive Potential, and Control Strategies for Deeproot Sedge (Cyperus entrerianus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Charles T. Bryson  and
Richard Carter
Charles T. Bryson*
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776
Richard Carter
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698-0015
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: charles.bryson@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Greenhouse, growth chamber, and field studies were conducted at Stoneville, MS, in 2000 to 2008, to determine the growth rate, reproductive and overwintering potential, and control of deeproot sedge. In growth chamber studies, deeproot sedge growth rate (ht) and plant dry wt were greatest at 25/35 C (night/day temperatures), when compared with regimes of 5/15, 15/25, and 20/30 C. Based on the average number of scales (fruiting sites per spikelet), spikelets per inflorescence, and culms per plant, deeproot sedge reproductive potential was 2.6-, 6.2-, and 17.4-fold greater than Surinam, green, and knob sedges, respectively. A single deeproot sedge plant produced an average of 85,500 achenes annually. Mowing at 15-cm ht weekly prevented achene production but did not kill deeproot sedge plants. The average number of inflorescences produced on mowed plants was 1.2 to 4 times greater in 2- and 1-yr-old deeproot sedge plants, respectively, when compared with unmowed plants. Mature deeproot sedge achenes were produced between monthly mowings. In a 3-yr field study, glyphosate, glufosinate, hexazinone, and MSMA provided more than 85% control of deeproot sedge, and above the soil, live deeproot sedge plant dry wt was reduced by 50, 64, 68, 72, 86, and 93% by dicamba, halosulfuron-methyl, MSMA, hexazinone, glufosinate, and glyphosate, respectively. All (100%) deeproot sedge plants 1 yr old or older overwintered at Stoneville, MS, at 33°N latitude.

De 2000 a 2008 se realizaron estudios de invernadero, de cámara de crecimiento y de campo en Stoneville, MS, para determinar la tasa de crecimiento, el potencial reproductivo y de supervivencia durante el invierno y el control de la maleza Cyperus entrerianus. En los estudios de cámara de crecimiento, la tasa de crecimiento (altura) de C. entrerianus y el peso seco de la planta fueron mayores para las temperaturas de 25/35 C (noche/día) cuando se compararon a regímenes de 5/15, 15/25 y 20/30 C. Basado en el número promedio de escamas (sitios de fructificación por fruto), espiguillas inflorescencia−1 y culmos planta−1, el potencial reproductivo de C. entrerianus fue 2.6, 6.2 y 17.4 veces mayor que C. surinamensis, C. virens y C. pseudovegetus, respectivamente. Una sola planta de C. entrerianus produjo un promedio de 85,500 aquenios anualmente. La poda semanal a 15-cm de altura previno la producción de aquenios, pero no mató a las plantas de C. entrerianus. El número promedio de inflorescencias producidas en plantas podadas fue 1.2 a 4 veces mayor en plantas de C. entrerianus de dos y un año, respectivamente, cuando se compararon con plantas sin podar. Se produjeron aquenios maduros entre podas mensuales. En un estudio de campo de 3 años, glifosato, glufosinato, hexazinone y MSMA proporcionaron más del 85% de control de C. entrerianus y el peso seco de la parte aérea de la planta se redujo en 50, 64, 68, 72, 86 y 93% con la aplicación de dicamba, halosulfuron-methyl, MSMA, hexazinone, glufosinato y glifosato, respectivamente. El 100% de las plantas de C. entrerianus de un año de edad o mayores, sobrevivieron al invierno en Stoneville, MS, a 33 grados de latitud norte.

Keywords

2,4-Ddicambaglufosinateglyphosatehalosulfuron-methylhexazinoneimazapicMSMApicloramtriclopyrdeeproot sedge, Cyperus entrerianus Boeck. CYPENgreen sedge, Cyperus virens Michx. CYPVIknob sedge, Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud. CYPPVSurinam sedge, Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. CYPSUWeed biologyreproductive potentialweed control
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 122 - 129
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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