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Glufosinate Efficacy as Influenced by Carrier Water pH, Hardness, Foliar Fertilizer, and Ammonium Sulfate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2017

Pratap Devkota  and
William G. Johnson
Pratap Devkota*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
William G. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pdevkota@purdue.edu
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Abstract

Carrier water quality is an important consideration for herbicide efficacy. Effect of carrier water pH (4, 6.5, or 9) and coapplied Zn or Mn foliar fertilizer was evaluated on glufosinate efficacy for horseweed and Palmer amaranth control in the field. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of: (1) carrier water pH, foliar fertilizer (Zn, Mn, or without fertilizer), and ammonium sulfate (AMS) (at 0 or 2.5% v/v); and (2) carrier water hardness (0 to 1,000 mg L−1) and AMS (at 0 or 2.5% v/v) on glufosinate efficacy for giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth control. In a 2014 field study, control, plant density reduction, and biomass reduction were at least 8% greater for horseweed and at least 14% greater for Palmer amaranth when glufosinate was applied at carrier water pH 4 compared with pH 9. Glufosinate efficacy was at least 10 and 17% greater for giant ragweed and Palmer amaranth control, respectively, with carrier water pH 4 compared with pH 9 in the greenhouse. In the greenhouse studies, coapplied Zn or Mn fertilizer had no effect on glufosinate efficacy. Increased carrier water hardness from 0 to 1,000 mg L−1 negatively influenced glufosinate efficacy and resulted in 20 and 17% lesser control and biomass reduction, respectively, on giant ragweed or Palmer amaranth. Use of AMS enhanced glufosinate efficacy on giant ragweed control in both greenhouse studies, whereas only the Palmer amaranth control was enhanced in the water hardness study. Horseweed control with glufosinate as affected by carrier water pH, hardness, or AMS remained unaffected in both greenhouse studies. Carrier water at alkaline pH or hardness > 200 mg L−1 has potential to reduce glufosinate efficacy. Therefore, carrier water free of hardness cations and at acidic condition (pH = 4 to 6.5) should be considered for optimum glufosinate efficacy.

La calidad del agua como medio de aplicación es una consideración importante para la eficacia del herbicida. Se evaluó el efecto del pH del agua (4, 6.5, ó 9) y la aplicación simultáneamente de fertilizante foliar de Zn o Mn sobre la eficacia del glufosinate sobre el control de Conyza canadensis y Amaranthus palmeri en el campo. Estudios de invernadero fueron realizados para evaluar el efecto de: (1) el pH del agua, el fertilizante foliar (Zn, Mn, o sin fertilizante), y ammonium sulfate (AMS) (a 0 ó 2.5% v/v); y (2) la dureza del agua (0 a 1,000 mg L−1) y AMS (a 0 ó 2.5% v/v) sobre la eficacia de glufosinate para el control de Ambrosia trifida, C. canadensis, y A. palmeri. En el estudio de campo en 2014, la reducción en la densidad de plantas, y la reducción de la biomasa fueron al menos 8% mayores para C. canadensis y al menos 14% mayores para A. palmeri cuando se aplicó glufosinate con agua con pH 4 al compararse con pH 9. La eficacia de glufosinate para el control de A. trifida y A. palmeri fue al menos 10 y 17% mayor, respectivamente, con agua con pH 4 al compararse con pH 9, en el invernadero. En los estudios de invernadero, la aplicación simultánea de fertilizante de Zn o Mn no tuvo ningún efecto sobre la eficacia de glufosinate. El aumentar la dureza del agua de 0 a 1,000 mg L−1 influenció en forma negativa la eficacia de glufosinate y resultó en 20 y 17% menos control y reducción de biomasa, respectivamente, para A. trifida o A. palmeri. El uso de AMS mejoró la eficacia de glufosinate para el control de A. trifida en ambos estudios de invernadero, mientras que el control de A. palmeri solamente mejoró en el estudio de la dureza del agua. El control de C. canadensis con glufosinate no fue afectado por el pH y la dureza del agua, o el uso de AMS en ambos estudios de invernadero. El agua a pH alcalino o con dureza >200 mg L−1 tiene el potencial de reducir la eficacia de glufosinate. Por esta razón, se debe considerar el uso de agua libre de cationes que confieran dureza y que tenga pH ácido (pH = 4 a 6.5) para obtener una eficacia óptima con glufosinate.

Keywords

Glufosinategiant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTRhorseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAAcidic or alkaline carrier watercoapplied foliar fertilizerhard water cationswater conditioning agent
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 848 - 859
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Jason Bond, Mississippi State University.

References

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