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Germination of Weedy Rice in Response to Field Conditions during Winter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Silvia Fogliatto ,
Francesco Vidotto  and
Aldo Ferrero
Silvia Fogliatto*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università di Torino via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
Francesco Vidotto
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università di Torino via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
Aldo Ferrero
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università di Torino via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: silvia.fogliatto@unito.it.
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Abstract

Weedy rice is a problematic weed that infests paddy fields worldwide. Differing populations, with varying physiological and morphological traits, characterize this weed. In particular, seed dormancy makes its control difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination behavior of five Italian weedy rice populations (two awnless, two awned, and one mucronate) after exposure of seeds to different field storage conditions (flooding, burial, and dry soil surface) during winter in two sites (Grugliasco and Vercelli, Italy). Seed samples were taken from each population, storage condition, and site, every 15 d for petri dish germinability testing. The two sites displayed slightly different germination patterns, which were probably due to the differing climatic conditions. One of the awned populations showed the highest (always exceeding 80%) and fastest germination percentage in all field conditions and sites, compared with the other four populations. Although flooding promoted germination in one awnless population, it delayed germination in two others (one awned and one awnless), attaining only 20% germination after more than 100 d. In all populations, burial delayed germination, whereas seed placement on the dry soil surface enhanced it. Our study indicated that autumn tillage that promotes weedy rice seed burial should be discouraged; spring tillage that exposes seeds to the soil surface and cause their depletion should be encouraged. The tested technique of winter flooding can also improve weedy rice control, despite its varying efficacy among populations. Cycles of flooding and drying followed by spring tillage might improve weedy rice seed control.

Oryza sativa es una maleza problemática que infesta los arrozales en todo el mundo. Esta maleza se caracteriza por tener distintas poblaciones con rasgos fisiológicos y morfológicos variables. En particular, la dormancia de la semilla dificulta su control. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento durante la germinación de cinco poblaciones de esta maleza en Italia (dos sin arista, dos con arista y una mucronada), después de exponer las semillas a diferentes condiciones de almacenamiento en el campo (inundación, entierro y superficie seca del suelo) durante el invierno en dos sitios (Grugliasco y Vercelli). Cada 15 días se tomaron muestras de semilla de cada población, cada condición de almacenamiento y cada sitio, para poder determinar en cajas de Petri su germinación. Los dos sitios mostraron una ligera diferencia en los patrones de germinación, lo cual probablemente se debió a las diferentes condiciones climáticas. Una de las poblaciones con arista, mostró el porcentaje de germinación más alto (siempre mayor de 80%) y de mayor rapidez en todas las condiciones de campo y sitios, en comparación con las otras cuatro. Mientras que la inundación del campo fomentó la germinación en una población sin arista, ésta retrasó la germinación en otras dos (una con arista y otra sin arista), alcanzando solamente el 20% de germinación después de más de 100 días. En todas las poblaciones, el enterrar la semilla retrasó la germinación, mientras que la colocación de la semilla en la superficie del suelo, la aumentó. Nuestro estudio indica que no son recomendables las labranzas de otoño que provocan el entierro de la semilla de O. sativa. Las labranzas de primavera que exponen las semillas de maleza a la superficie del suelo y causan su agotamiento, deben ser alentadas. La técnica probada de las inundaciones de invierno puede también mejorar el control de O. sativa a pesar de su variable eficacia entre poblaciones. Ciclos de inundación y secado seguidos por labranza en primavera podrían mejorar el control de la semilla de O. sativa.

Keywords

Weedy riceOryza sativa L.Red riceseed dormancywinter floodingburialsoil tillage
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 252 - 261
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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