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Evaluation of cover crop sensitivity to residual herbicides applied in the previous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] crop

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2019

Derek M. Whalen Open the ORCID record for Derek M. Whalen [Opens in a new window] ,
Mandy D. Bish ,
Bryan G. Young ,
Aaron G. Hager ,
Shawn P. Conley ,
Daniel B. Reynolds ,
Lawrence E. Steckel ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Kevin W. Bradley
Derek M. Whalen*
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Mandy D. Bish
Affiliation:
Extension Weed Specialist, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Bryan G. Young
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Aaron G. Hager
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
Shawn P. Conley
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
Daniel B. Reynolds
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
Lawrence E. Steckel
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Kevin W. Bradley
Affiliation:
Professor, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Derek M. Whalen, Email: derek.whalen@basf.com
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Abstract

In recent years, the use of cover crops has increased in U.S. crop production systems. An important aspect of successful cover crop establishment is the preceding crop and herbicide program, because some herbicides have the potential to persist in the soil for several months. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of cover crops to common residual herbicides used in soybean production. The same field experiment was conducted in 2016 in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin, and repeated in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, and Missouri in 2017 to evaluate the potential of residual soybean herbicides to carryover and reduce cover crop establishment. Herbicides applied during the soybean growing season included acetochlor; acetochlor plus fomesafen; chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron; fomesafen; fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor; imazethapyr; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; S-metolachlor plus fomesafen; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor. Across all herbicide treatments, the sensitivity of cover crops to herbicide residues in the fall, from greatest to least, was forage radish = turnip > annual ryegrass = winter oat = triticale > cereal rye = Austrian winter pea = hairy vetch = wheat > crimson clover. Fomesafen (applied 21 and 42 days after planting [(DAP]); chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron and pyroxasulfone applied 42 DAP; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor caused the highest visual ground cover reduction to cover crop species at the fall rating. Study results indicate cover crops are most at risk when following herbicide applications in soybean containing certain active ingredients such as fomesafen, but overall there is a fairly low risk of cover crop injury from residual soybean herbicides applied in the previous soybean crop.

Keywords

Mark VanGessel, University of DelawareCover crop establishmentground cover reductionherbicide carryover injuryAcetochlorchlorimuronfomesafenimazethapyrpyroxasulfoneS-metolachlorsulfentrazonethifensulfuronannual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam.Austrian winter pea, Pisum sativum L.cereal rye, Secale cereal L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothturnip, Brassica campestris L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrforage radish, Raphanus sativus L.triticale, Triticosecale rimpauiwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum Lwinter oat, Avena sativa L.
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 312 - 320
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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