Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-rnpqb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T22:36:45.790Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of No-Till or Conventional Planting and Cover Crops Residues on Weed Emergence in Vegetable Row Crop

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

R. Edward Peachey ,
Ray D. William  and
Carol Mallory-Smith
R. Edward Peachey*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304
Ray D. William
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304
Carol Mallory-Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: peacheye@science.oregonstate.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effect of planting system and cover crop residues on weed emergence in irrigated vegetable row crops was studied in field experiments from 1995 through 1997. Vegetable crops were either no-till planted (NTP) through cover crop residues or conventionally planted (CP) into soil with cover crop residues incorporated. NTP reduced emergence of hairy nightshade by 77 to 99% and Powell amaranth emergence by 50 to 87% compared with CP. Cover crop treatments were much less important than planting system in regulating weed emergence. Tillage in the spring did not increase the number of viable seeds near the soil surface. Hairy nightshade emergence ranged from 0.6 to 9.8% of the intact seeds in CP compared with 0 to 0.1% emergence of the seeds in the NTP plots. Powell amaranth emergence ranged from 4.9 to 6.5% of the intact seeds in CP contrasted with only 0.4 to 0.9% emergence of the seeds in NTP plots.

Keywords

Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner #3 SOLSAPowell amaranth, Amaranthus powellii S. Wats # AMAPOConventional tillagecover cropsno tillno-till plantingprimary tillageweed emergenceweed seedbankCP, conventionally plantedNT, no tillNTP, no-till plantedWAP, weeks after planting.
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , December 2004 , pp. 1023 - 1030
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Barnes, J. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1983. Rye residues contribute weed suppression in notillage cropping systems. J. Chem. Ecol 9:1045–1057.Google ScholarPubMed
Blum, U., King, D. L., Gerig, T. M., Lehman, M. E., and Worsham, A. D. 1997. Effects of clover and small grain cover crops and tillage techniques on seedling emergence of some dicotyledonous weed species. Am. J. Altern. Agric 12:146–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boydston, R. A. and Hang, A. 1995. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Tech 9:669–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1992. Population dynamics and control of annual weeds in corn (Zea mays) as influenced by tillage system. Weed Sci. 40:241–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creamer, N. G., Bennett, M. A., and Stinner, B. R. 1996. Mechanisms of weed suppression in cover crop-based production systems. Hortic Sci 31:410–413.Google Scholar
Dielman, A., Hamill, A. S., Fox, G. C., and Swanton, C. J. 1996. Decision rules for postemergence control of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 44:126–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberlein, C. V., Al Khatib, K., Guttieri, M. J., and Fuerst, E. P. 1992. Distribution and characteristics of triazine-resistant Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) in Idaho. Weed Sci. 40:507–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forcella, F., Eradt-Oskoui, K., and Wagner, S. W. 1993. Application of weed seedbank ecology to low-input crop management. Ecol. Appl 3:74–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Froud-Williams, R. J., Chancellor, R. J., and Drenan, D. S. H. 1984. The effects of seed burial and soil disturbance on emergence and survival of arable summer annual weeds in relation to minimal cultivation. J. Appl. Ecol 21:629–641.Google Scholar
Malone, C. R. 1967. A rapid method for enumeration of viable seeds in the soil. Weeds 15:381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohler, C. L. 1993. A model of the effects of tillage on emergence of weed seedlings. Ecol. Appl 3:53–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Calloway, M. B. 1992. Effects of tillage and mulch on the emergence and survival of weeds in sweet corn. J. Appl. Ecol 29:21–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Galford, A. E. 1997. Weed seedling emergence and seed survival: separating the effects of seed position and soil modification by tillage. Weed Res 37:147–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, C. T. and Buchele, W. F. 1960. Emergence energy of plant seedlings. Agric. Eng 41:428–431.Google Scholar
Mulugeta, D. and Stoltenberg, D. E. 1997. Increased weed emergence and seed bank depletion by soil disturbance in no-tillage systems. Weed Sci. 45:234–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogg, A. G. and Dawson, J. H. 1984. Time of emergence of eight weed species. Weed Sci. 32:327–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oryokot, J. O. E., Murphy, S. D., and Swanton, C. J. 1997a. Effect of tillage and corn on pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) seedling emergence and density. Weed Sci. 45:120–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oryokot, J. O. E., Murphy, S. D., Thomas, A. G., and Swanton, C. J. 1997b. Temperature and moisture-dependent models of seed germination and shoot elongation in green and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus powellii, A. retroflexus). Weed Sci. 45:488–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Bodrell, J. E. 1983. Field emergence and temperature requirements for germination in Solanum sarrachoides . Sendt. Weed Res 23:247–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Lockett, P. M. 1978. Seed dormancy and field emergence in Solanum nigrum L. Weed Res 18:231–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 2004. SAS/STAT® 9.1. User's guide. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. Pp. 1731–1906.Google Scholar
Saxton, K. E. and Baker, C. J. 1990. The cross-slot drill opener for conservation tillage. in Proceeding of the Great Plains Conservation Tillage Symposium, August 1990. Bismarck, ND: Conservation Tillage Task Force of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Bull. 131.Google Scholar
Scopel, A. L., Ballare, C. L., and Radosevich, S. R. 1994. Photostimulation of seed germination during soil tillage. New Phytol 126:145–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shilling, D. G., Worship, A. D., and Danehower, D. A. 1986. Influence of mulch, tillage and diphenamid on weed control, yield, and quality in no-till flue cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Weed Sci. 34:738–744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21:574–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suwanagul, D. 1995. Early Detection of Weed Resistance: Pattern-thinking and Rapid Microcalorimetric Assay. Ph.D. thesis. Horticulture Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Pp. 39–56.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R., Best, C. E., and Potts, W. E. 1991. Response of weeds to tillage and cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 39:195–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1992. Weed suppression by residue from hairy vetch and rye cover crops. Proceedings of the 1st International Weed Control Congress 2:516–518.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1993. Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agron J 85:673–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 2000. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci. 48:385–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrucke, M. A. and Arnold, W. E. 1985. Weed species distribution as influenced by tillage and herbicides. Weed Sci. 33:853–856.Google Scholar