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Effect of Glyphosate Application Timing and Row Spacing on Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) Yields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Caleb D. Dalley ,
James J. Kells  and
Karen A. Renner
Caleb D. Dalley
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
James J. Kells*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Karen A. Renner
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: kells@msu.edu
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Abstract

Corn and soybean were planted in narrow and wide row spacings to determine the effect of glyphosate application timing and row spacing on crop yield. Glyphosate was applied when average weed canopy height reached 5, 10, 15, 23, and 30 cm. Weeds present in these studies included velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, barnyardgrass, fall panicum, giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, green foxtail, and eastern black nightshade. Under highly competitive growing conditions (below normal rainfall and high weed density), corn yield was first reduced when weeds reached 10 and 15 cm in height with corn planted in 38- and 76-cm rows, respectively. Under similar conditions, soybean yield was first reduced when weeds reached 15 and 23 cm with soybean planted in 19- and 38-cm rows, respectively. Yield losses occurred only in the untreated control when soybean was planted in 76-cm rows. When growing conditions were less competitive (adequate rainfall and lower weed density), yield losses occurred only when weeds reached 30 cm or more in corn and only in the untreated control in soybean. Corn and soybean yields were higher when planted in narrow rows in three of 4 yr but were more susceptible to early-season weed interference than corn and soybean in wide rows. Corn yield was affected more by weed interference than was soybean yield. The product of weed height by weed density, as the independent variable, resulted in the best linear fit for both corn and soybean yields. High weed densities increase the risk of yield loss and must be considered when determining the appropriate timing for total postemergence herbicide applications such as glyphosate. Sequential glyphosate applications in corn did not increase yield.

Keywords

Glyphosatebarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCGcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEALcommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBELeastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum Dun. # SOLPTfall panicum, Panicum dichotomilflorum Michx. # PANDIgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFAgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. # SETVIjimsonweed, Datura stramonium L. # DATSTredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMAREvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophroasti Medik. # ABUTHyellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. # SETLUcorn, Zea mays L. ‘DK 493RR’soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Pioneer 92B71’Application timingcompetitive loadnarrow-row cornnarrow-row soybeanweed competitionweed interferenceDAE, days after crop emergenceGDDAE, growing degree days after emergencePOST, postemergenceSAS, Statistical Analysis Systems
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , March 2004 , pp. 165 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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