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Confirmation of Glyphosate-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in Arkansas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

James W. Dickson ,
Robert C. Scott ,
Nilda R. Burgos ,
Reiofeli A. Salas  and
Kenneth L. Smith
James W. Dickson
Affiliation:
Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR 72086
Robert C. Scott*
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR 72086, and Monticello, AR 71656, respectively
Nilda R. Burgos
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soils, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Reiofeli A. Salas
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soils, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Kenneth L. Smith
Affiliation:
Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR 72086
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: bscott@uaex.edu
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Abstract

In 2007, populations of Italian ryegrass were observed surviving applications of glyphosate under field conditions in southeast Arkansas. At least 10 reports of Italian ryegrass escaping glyphosate applications followed in subsequent years in Arkansas. These were unconfirmed reports of resistance from county agents, consultants, and farmers. The objectives of this research were to confirm resistance to glyphosate in a suspected resistant population collected in 2007 (Desha 2007) and to determine the level of resistance of a putative glyphosate-resistant population collected in 2009, both from Desha County, AR. Other objectives were to determine the resistance frequency in these populations, to determine whether the 2009 population was also acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase-resistant), and to determine the effect on plant size as it relates to dose–response to glyphosate. The Desha, AR, 2007 population exhibited a low level of resistance to glyphosate. The estimated glyphosate dose that would control this population 50% was 1,260 g ae ha−1, compared with 190 g ae ha−1 for the susceptible check. In 2009, a population of Italian ryegrass (Des03) was identified that survived a glyphosate application of 1,740 g ae ha−1 made in the field, which is twice the commercial use rate for glyphosate. Dose–response experiments determined that an estimated 3,890 g ae ha−1 glyphosate was required to obtain 50% biomass reduction of Des03; this was 23 times that of the susceptible standard. Neither growth stage nor glyphosate rate evaluated affected the level of resistance observed in the Des03 population. This population was determined to be more than 70% resistant at the levels reported. In addition to glyphosate, Des03 was also resistant to diclofop, a commonly used herbicide in wheat in Arkansas and other areas. As a result, alternative management strategies for Italian ryegrass are currently being explored.

En 2007, se observó que poblaciones de Lolium perenne sobrevivieron a aplicaciones de glifosato bajo condiciones de campo en el sureste de Arkansas. En años subsecuentes surgieron al menos 10 reportes de que esta maleza estaba escapando a las aplicaciones de glifosato. Estos reportes de resistencia sin confirmación provenían de agentes de extensión de los condados, de consultores y agricultores. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: confirmar la resistencia al glifosato en una población que se sospechaba resistente recolectada en 2007 (Desha 2007), y determinar el nivel de resistencia de una población supuestamente resistente, recolectada en 2009, ambas provenientes del condado de Desha en Arkansas. Otros objetivos fueron: determinar la frecuencia de resistencia en estas poblaciones, determinar si la población recolectada en 2009 era también resistente al ALS o al ACCase y determinar el efecto sobre el tamaño de la planta y su relación con la respuesta a la dosis de glifosato. La población Desha 2007 mostró un bajo nivel de resistencia al glifosato. La dosis estimada de glifosato necesaria para controlar esta población en un 50%, fue 1260 g ea ha−1, comparada con 190 g ea ha−1 para el testigo susceptible. En 2009 se identificó una población de L. perenne (Des03) que sobrevivió a la aplicación de 1740 g ea ha−1 de glifosato en el campo, la cual es dos veces la dosis comercial recomendada para este herbicida. Experimentos de respuesta-a-dosis- determinaron que se requirió una dosis de 3890 g ea ha−1 de glifosato para lograr 50% de reducción en la biomasa de Des03; esta fue 23 veces mayor que el estándar susceptible. Ninguna etapa de crecimiento ni dosis de glifosato evaluada afectó el nivel de resistencia observado en la población Des03. Se determinó que esta población fue más del 70% resistente a los niveles reportados. Además del glifosato, Des03 fue también resistente al diclofop, un herbicida de uso común en el cultivo de trigo en Arkansas y otras áreas. Como resultado, estrategias alternativas de manejo para L. perenne están siendo investigadas actualmente.

Keywords

GlyphosateItalian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnotwheat, Triticum aestivum L.Herbicide resistancemultiple resistanceresistance level
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 674 - 679
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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