Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T18:46:21.106Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Allelopathic Potential of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jason K. Norsworthy
Jason K. Norsworthy*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 277 Poole Ag. Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0359
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jnorswo@clemson.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The allelopathic potential of wild radish was evaluated in controlled environments by determining if an aqueous extract from oven-dried wild radish shoots suppressed germination and radicle growth of some crops and weeds common to the southeastern United States. In addition, phytotoxicity from topical applications of the aqueous extract was assessed, along with crop and weed suppression by soil incorporated, air-dried wild radish residues. Germination and radicle growth of all species were reduced by the extract compared with distilled water. However, topical applications of the aqueous extract failed to induce injury on any species by 7 d after treatment. Emergence and shoot fresh weight of the bioassay plants were reduced by wild radish residue incorporated into soil, with the level of suppression dependent on the quantity of residue incorporated. Sicklepod and prickly sida were extremely sensitive to incorporated wild radish residues, with > 95% fresh weight reduction at 0.5% (wt/wt) residue, compared with an untreated control. Conversely, yellow nutsedge showed a high degree of tolerance in all trials. Of the crops evaluated, cotton emergence and growth were most sensitive to incorporated wild radish residues. These data indicate that wild radish aqueous extract or incorporated residues (or both) suppress seed germination, radicle growth, seedling emergence, and seedling growth of certain crops and weeds and these responses are attributed to an allelochemical effect.

Keywords

Prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. #3 SIDSPsicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby # CASOBwild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum L. # RAPRAyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPEScotton, Gossypium hirsutum LAllelopathyBrassicaceaecover cropintegrated weed managementHAT, hours after treatment
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2003 , pp. 307 - 313
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

An, M., Pratley, J. E., and Haig, T. 1997. Phytotoxicity of Vulpia residues. I. Investigation of aqueous extracts. J. Chem. Ecol. 23: 1979–1995.Google Scholar
Banks, P. A. 1990. The Southeast. In Donald, W. W., ed. Systems of Weed Control in Wheat in North America. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America. pp. 182–190.Google Scholar
Borek, V., Elberson, L. R., McCaffrey, J. P., and Morra, M. J. 1996. Toxicity of aliphatic and aromatic isothiocyanates to eggs of the black vine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 1192–1196.Google Scholar
Borek, V., Elberson, L. R., McCaffrey, J. P., and Morra, M. J. 1997. Toxicity of rapeseed meal and methyl isothiocyanate to larvae of the black vine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 109–112.Google Scholar
Borek, V., Elberson, L. R., McCaffrey, J. P., and Morra, M. J. 1998. Toxicity of isothiocyanates produced by glucosinolates in Brassicaceae species to black vine weevil eggs. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46: 5318–5323.Google Scholar
Borek, V., Morra, M. J., Brown, P. D., and McCaffrey, J. P. 1995. Transformation of the gluconsinolate-derived allelochemicals allyl isothiocyanate and allyl nitrile in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 1935–1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boydston, R. A. and Hang, A. 1995. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 9: 669–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. D. and Morra, M. J. 1997. Control of soil-borne plant pests using glucosinolate-containing plants. Adv. Agron. 61: 167–231.Google Scholar
Cheam, A. H. 1986. Seed production and seed dormancy in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and some possibilities for improving control. Weed Res. 26: 405–413.Google Scholar
Eberlein, C. V., Morra, M. J., Guttieri, M. J., Brown, P. D., and Brown, J. 1998. Glucosinolate production by five field-grown Brassica napus cultivars used as green manures. Weed Technol. 12: 712–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elberson, L. R., Borek, V., McCaffrey, J. P., and Morra, M. J. 1996. Toxicity of rapeseed meal-amended soil to wireworms (Coleoptera:Elateridae). J. Agric. Entomol. 13: 323–330.Google Scholar
Gardnier, J. B., Morra, M. J., Eberlein, C. V., Brown, P. D., and Borek, V. 1999. Allelochemicals released in soil following incorporation of rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manures. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: 3837–3842.Google Scholar
Halbrendt, J. M. 1996. Allelopathy in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. J. Nematol. 28: 8–14.Google ScholarPubMed
Hale, O. M. and Utley, P. R. 1985. Effects of feeding wheat contaminated with wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) to growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 61: 1172–1177.Google Scholar
Kiemnec, G. L. and McInnis, M. L. 2002. Hoary cress (Cardaria draba) root extract reduces germination and root growth of five plant species. Weed Technol. 16: 231–234.Google Scholar
Krishnan, G., Holshouser, D. L., and Nissen, S. J. 1998. Weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with green manure crops. Weed Technol. 12: 97–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCaffrey, J. P., Williams, L. III, Borek, V., Brown, P. D., and Morra, M. J. 1995. Toxicity of ionic thiocyanate-amended soil to the wireworm, Limonius californicus . J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 793–797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mojtahedi, H., Santo, G. S., Hang, A. N., and Wilson, J. H. 1991. Suppression of root-knot nematode populations with selected rapeseed cultivars as green manures. J. Nematol. 23: 170–174.Google Scholar
Muehlchen, A. M., Rand, R. E., and Parke, J. L. 1990. Evaluation of crucifer green manures for controlling root rot of peas. Plant Dis. 64: 651–654.Google Scholar
Panetta, F. D., Gilbey, D. J., and D'Antuono, M. D. 1988. Survival and fecundity of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) plants in relation to cropping, time of emergence, and chemical control. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 39: 385–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeves, T. G., Code, G. R., and Piggin, C. M. 1981. Seed production and longevity, seasonal emergence, and phenology of wild radish, (Raphanus raphanistrum L). Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 21: 524–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schroeder, J. 1989. Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) control in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 37: 112–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smolinska, U., Knudsen, G. R., Morra, M. J., and Borek, V. 1997. Inhibition of Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi by volatile allelochemicals from Brassica napus seed meal. Plant Dis. 81: 288–292.Google Scholar
Vaughn, S. F. and Boydston, R. A. 1997. Volatile allelochemicals released by crucifer green manures. J. Chem. Ecol. 23: 2107–2116.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. 2001. Weed survey—southern states. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 54: 244–259.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. and MacDonald, G. E. 2001. A survey of weeds in various crops in Georgia. Weed Technol. 15: 771–790.Google Scholar
Williams, L. III, Morra, M., Brown, P., and McCaffrey, J. 1993. Toxicity of allyl isothiocyanate-amended soil to Limonius californicas (Mann.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) wireworms. J. Chem. Ecol. 19: 1033–1046.Google Scholar
Wolf, R. B., Spencer, G. F., and Kwolek, W. K. 1984. Inhibition of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) germination and growth by benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural toxicant. Weed Sci. 32: 612–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, P., Cheam, A. H., and Sawkins, D. 1985. Allelopathic effect of wild radish on lupins. Aust. Weeds Res. Newsletter No. 33. 24 p.Google Scholar