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Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Chlorimuron and Nicosulfuron in Imidazolinone-Resistant and -Susceptible Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Brian S. Manley ,
Kriton K. Hatzios  and
Henry P. Wilson
Brian S. Manley
Affiliation:
Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Painter, VA 23420-2827
Kriton K. Hatzios*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330
Henry P. Wilson
Affiliation:
Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Painter, VA 23420-2827
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hatzios@vt.edu.
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Abstract

The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of the ethyl ester of chlorimuron and nicosulfuron in resistant (R) and susceptible (S) smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) were investigated. R and S smooth pigweed seedlings (5 to 10 cm tall) were treated with foliar-applied 14C-labeled chlorimuron and nicosulfuron and harvested at 3, 6, 24, and 72 h after application. Chlorimuron absorption increased with time in both populations of smooth pigweed and was higher in the R accession only at 6 h after application. Nicosulfuron absorption did not increase with time in the R accession, and after 6 h, there were no differences between the R and S accessions. Absorbed chlorimuron and nicosulfuron were translocated to shoots and leaves above and below the treated leaf, but not into the roots in both accessions. Translocation of chlorimuron and nicosulfuron out of the treated leaf was also similar in the two accessions. Metabolism of 14C-chlorimuron occurred more rapidly in the R accession with approximately 68% remaining as chlorimuron at 3 h after application. At the same time period, 81% of the absorbed radioactivity remained as chlorimuron in the S accession. Metabolism of 14C-chlorimuron at 24 and 72 h after application was greater in the S than the R accession of smooth pigweed. Metabolism of 14C-nicosulfuron was similar in the two accessions and did not increase with time. Rapid herbicide metabolism may explain the twofold level of crossresistance of the R accession of smooth pigweed to chlorimuron at the whole plant level.

Keywords

Chlorimuron, 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acidimazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acidimazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidnicosulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidnyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamidesmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. ♯ AMACHALS inhibitor resistanceherbicide resistanceherbicide tolerancesulfonylurea herbicidesAMACHALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18)HAA, hours after applicationLSS, liquid scintillation spectrometryR, imidazolinone-resistant accession of smooth pigweedRf, ratio of frontS, imidazolinone-susceptible accession of smooth pigweedTLC, thin layer chromatography
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , December 1999 , pp. 759 - 764
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address of the first author is Novartis Crop Protection, Inc., 4160 Dublin Road, Milliard, OH 43026.

References

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