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Glyphosate-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Populations in the Western Australian Grain Belt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mechelle J. Owen  and
Stephen B. Powles
Mechelle J. Owen*
Affiliation:
Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Stephen B. Powles
Affiliation:
Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: mowen@cyllene.uwa.edu.au.
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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistance evolution in weeds is evident globally, especially in areas where transgenic glyphosate-resistant crops dominate. Resistance to glyphosate is currently known in 16 weed species, including rigid ryegrass in Australia. Following the first report of glyphosate resistance in 1998, there are now 78 documented glyphosate-resistant populations of rigid ryegrass in grain-growing regions of southern Australia. In some regions where glyphosate-resistance evolution has already occurred in rigid ryegrass, transgenic glyphosate-resistant canola was introduced in 2008, further highlighting the need to monitor glyphosate-resistance evolution in weeds. A rigid ryegrass population (WALR70) was collected in 2005 from a crop field in Esperance, Western Australia, after it had survived applications of glyphosate. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance in the population, with the glyphosate rate resulting in 50% mortality (LD50) for WALR70 being 11 times greater than that for a susceptible biotype. The WALR70 population also had low levels of resistance to some acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)- and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides (diclofop, fluazifop, clodinafop, tralkoxydim, chlorsulfuron, and imazethapyr), but was susceptible to other herbicide modes of action, such as atrazine, trifluralin, and paraquat. Two other rigid ryegrass populations assessed in this study were also confirmed to be resistant to glyphosate. The increasing number of glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass populations in Australia is of concern to growers because of the importance of glyphosate in intensive cropping systems and the introduction of glyphosate-resistant canola to this region.

En la maleza, la evolución de la resistencia al glifosato es evidente mundialmente; en especial, en áreas donde dominan los cultivos transgénicos con resistencia al mismo. En Australia, la resistencia al glifosato es actualmente conocida en dieciséis especies de maleza, incluyendo Lolium (rigid ryegrass). A partir del primer reporte de resistencia en 1998, en el sureste de Australia existen hasta ahora 78 poblaciones documentadas de Lolium resistente. En algunas regiones en donde la evolución de la resistencia al glifosato ha ocurrido en Lolium rigidum, en 2008 fue introducida la canola transgénica resistente al glifosato, lo que resalta la necesidad de monitorear en el futuro la evolución de resistencia a esta sustancia en la maleza. Una población de Lolium rigidum (WALR70) que sobrevivió aplicaciones de glifosato fue recolectada en 2005 de un campo de cultivo en Esperance, al sureste de Australia. Experimentos de dosis-respuesta confirmaron la resistencia en la muestra, con la dosis de glifosato resultando en un 50% de mortalidad (LD50) para WALR70, lo cual es una tasa 11 veces mayor que lo normal para un biotipo susceptible. La población WALR70 también registró bajos niveles de resistencia a algunos ACCase y herbicidas inhibidores de ALS (diclofop, fluazifop, clodinafop, tralkoxydim, clorsulfuron e imazethapyr) pero fue susceptible a otros herbicidas de diferente acción como atrazina, trifluralin y paraquat. Otras dos poblaciones de Lolium rigidum evaluadas en este estudio también confirmaron ser resistentes al glifosato. El creciente número de poblaciones resistentes al glifosato en Australia constituye una gran preocupación para los agricultores, debido a su importancia en la aplicación de sistemas de cultivo intensivos y a la introducción de canola resistente, en mencionada región.

Keywords

Glyphosaterigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum GaudinHerbicide resistanceglyphosateannual ryegrassmultiple resistance
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , March 2010 , pp. 44 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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