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Assessment of Weed Management Practices and Problem Weeds in the Midsouth United States—Soybean: A Consultant's Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Dilpreet S. Riar ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Lawrence E. Steckel ,
Daniel O. Stephenson IV ,
Thomas W. Eubank  and
Robert C. Scott
Dilpreet S. Riar*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Lawrence E. Steckel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 605 Airways Boulevard, Jackson, TN 38301
Daniel O. Stephenson IV
Affiliation:
Dean Lee Research Station, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 8105 Tom Bowman Drive, Alexandria, LA 71302
Thomas W. Eubank
Affiliation:
Delta Research and Extension Center, 82 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776
Robert C. Scott
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Box 357, Lonoke, AR 72086
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: driar@uark.edu
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Abstract

Soybean consultants from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee were surveyed by direct mail and by on-farm visits in fall 2011 to assess weed management practices and the prevalence of weed species in midsouth U.S. soybean. These consultants represented 15, 21, 5, and 10% of total soybean planted in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee, respectively, in 2011. Collectively, 93% of the total scouted area in these four states was planted with glyphosate-resistant (RR) soybean. The adoption of glufosinate-resistant (LL) soybean was greatest in Arkansas (12%), followed by Tennessee (4%), Mississippi (2%), and Louisiana (< 1%). Only 17% of the RR soybean was treated solely with glyphosate, compared with 35% of LL soybean treated solely with glufosinate. Across four states, average cost of herbicides in RR and LL soybean systems was US$78 and US$91 ha−1, respectively. Collectively across states, total scouted area under conventional tillage was 42%, stale seedbed was 37%, and no-tillage was 21%. Palmer amaranth and morningglories were the most problematic weeds in all four states. Additionally, barnyardgrass and horseweed were the third most problematic weeds of Arkansas and Tennessee, respectively, and Italian ryegrass was the third most problematic weed in Louisiana and Mississippi. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth infested fewer fields in Louisiana (16% of fields) than it did in the remaining three states (54% collectively). Average Palmer amaranth hand-weeding costs in the midsouth was US$59 ha−1. Three-fourths of the midsouth consultants stipulated the need for continued research and education focused on management of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant weed species.

Asesores en soya de Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, y Tennessee fueron encuestados vía correo y visitas en finca en el otoño de 2011 para evaluar las prácticas de manejo de malezas y la prevalencia de especies de malezas en la producción de soya en el Sur medio de los Estados Unidos. Estos asesores representaron 15, 21, 5 y 10% del total de soya plantada en Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, y Tennessee, respectivamente en 2011. Colectivamente, 93% del total del área evaluada en estos cuatro estados fue sembrada con soya resistente a glyphsoate (RR). La adopción de soya resistente a glufosinate (LL) fue mayor en Arkansas (12%), seguida por Tennessee (4%), Mississippi (2%) y Louisiana (<1%). Solamente 17% de la soya RR fue tratada únicamente con glyphosate, al compararse con 35% de soya LL que fue tratada solamente con glufosinate. En los cuatro estados, el costo promedio de herbicidas en sistemas de soya RR y LL fue US$78 y US$91 ha−1, respectivamente. Colectivamente en los estados, el total del área evaluada que estuvo bajo labranza convencional fue 42%, siembra retrasada 37%, y cero labranza 21%. Amaranthus palmeri e Ipomoea spp. fueron las malezas más problemáticas en todos los cuatro estados. Adicionalmente, Echinochloa crus-galli y Conyza canadensis fueron las terceras malezas más problemáticas en Arkansas y Tennessee, respectivamente, y Lolium perenne fue la tercera maleza más problemática en Louisiana y Mississippi. A. palmeri resistente a glyphosate infestó menos campos en Louisiana (16% de los campos) que en el resto de los tres estados (54% colectivamente). El promedio del costo de deshierba manual de A. palmeri en el Sur medio fue de US$59 ha−1. Tres cuartos de los asesores del Sur medio estipularon la necesidad de investigación y educación continuas enfocadas en el manejo de malezas resistentes y tolerantes a glyphosate

Keywords

GlufosinateglyphosatebarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-galli (L.) BeauvhorseweedConyza canadensis (L.) CronqItalian ryegrassLolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) HusnotmorninggloryIpomoea sppPalmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri S. WatssoybeanGlycine max (L). MerrGlufosinate-resistant soybeanglyphosate-resistant soybeanresistance managementtillageweed controlweed management surveyweed species shift
Type
Education/Extension
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 612 - 622
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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